sleep and dreams exam 2

Which statement is true regarding NREM sleep?

Other than enacting neural activity to push us into NREM3, no evidence-based theories exist for the functions of NREM1 and NREM2.

Which state uses up the most glucose?

REM

What is the role of the glymphatic system and when is it most active?

It washes our neurons with cerebrospinal fluid; most active during NREM 3.

How does Bryson's ADHD and late-night chaos affect his brain?

It limits restoration in the frontal lobe, exacerbating the cycle of ADHD.

When sleep-deprived, what does the brain prioritize restoring?

NREM before REM to restore glycogen.

What does REM sleep do according to 'sleep to forget, sleep to remember'?

It strengthens memory information while gradually weakening memory emotion.

What condition is associated with amyloid beta buildup?

Alzheimer's disease.

What was the outcome for rats in the Rechtschaffen rat study?

Rats died due to the effects this had on the immune system.

How long do negative emotional experiences appear in dreams due to the dream lag effect?

About 1 week.

How does sleep affect synaptic connections?

Sleep strengthens synaptic connections that are being used and weakens those that are overused.

What exemplifies the creative quality of dreaming?

Dreams combining memory fragments, daily happenings, and sensations to make a narrative.

What is likely to happen to Juanita after several nights of 3-4 hours of sleep?

She is most likely to have many vivid dreams.

What does Mr. H.'s dream about a centipede-train monster demonstrate?

Impaired self-reflectiveness.

What does Mr. K. forgetting his brother's death in a dream demonstrate?

Fluctuating self-reflectiveness.

How can Toph, who is blind, dream?

In terms of touch, hearing, proprioception, smell, and rarely, taste.

What allows us to imagine moving around in dreams?

Basal ganglia and cerebellum.

What happens when Koloss the cat steps on his owner during REM?

His owner will either wake up or dream about sensations in the legs and belly.

What causes a negative sense of self in dreams according to Nir & Tononi (2010)?

Reduced voluntary control and self-awareness.

What is the likelihood of a 65-year-old dreaming about childhood?

Most likely after she has been asleep a long time and had multiple REM episodes.

What explains Mr. A acting brave in dreams unlike real life?

The immersive spatiotemporal hallucination model of dreaming.

What does the Continuity Hypothesis say about dreams?

They function to simulate waking events and concerns of the dreamer.

What is the best theory to reassure Madotsuki about her bizarre dreams?

NEXTUP.

What explains Farha's vivid dreams about her presentation?

Social Simulation.

What did Freud and Jung believe about dreams?

Freud believed dreams fulfill forbidden wishes; Jung believed they compensate for psychological imbalances.

What did Blagrove et al. and Revonsuo believe about dreams?

Blagrove believed dreams enhance social empathy; Revonsuo believed they enhance fear responses.

What must fear imagery be for Freddy K. to create effective nightmares?

Strong enough to stay in people's short-term memory.

What should Enmu do to create rewarding dreams without waking people?

Activate dopaminergic circuits in the occipital-temporal areas of the brain.

What should Doremy review to help customers simulate real-life scenarios in dreams?

Hobson-Friston theory.

What is the theory stating dreams are the forebrain's attempt to make sense of chaotic impulses?

AIM.

Why can dreams never truly be predictive despite the Free Energy Principle?

They depend on the brain's ability to detect errors between expected vs. obtained sensory information.

At what age do boys typically start having **********?

Roughly 12-16 years.

What does a dream journal with certain themes suggest about the dreamer?

The dreamer is likely imaginative/creative or someone who is dying.

What do college-age men report higher rates of dreaming about?

Sexuality, success, failure, and aggression.

At what age do detailed narrative dreams with bizarre distortions typically start?

Roughly 20-45 years.

What type of dreams do people with avoidant attachment experience?

Negative partner-related dreams.

What type of dreams does Trey have at a toddler age?

Simple dreams of his pet dog with no plot.

What type of dreams does Winnie have at an older age?

Vivid, emotional, spiritual dreams involving adventures with deceased loved ones.

What cognitive ability has Victor (age 8) developed?

Theory of mind.

At what age does Alisha start having narrative dreams mixing real and imaginary people?

Roughly 7-12 years.

When is the default mode network most active?

When we are resting or daydreaming.