Unit 6: Harmony and Voice Leading III: Embellishments, Motives, and Melodic Devices

Consonant appoggiaturas

Consonant appoggiaturas

________ are sometimes referred to as "grace notes "because they add a graceful touch to a melody.

sense of tension

They are used to create a(n) ________ and release in a melody.

sense of relaxation

It can be used to create a(n) ________ and resolution in a melody.

sense of excitement

It can be used to create a(n) ________ and anticipation in a melody.

sense of motion

They are often used to create a(n) ________ and flow in a melody.

Proper preparation

________ and resolution can create a sense of tension and release in a melody.

smooth melodic lines

They are used to create ________ and add interest to a melody.

sense of resolution

They are often used to create a(n) ________ and stability in a melody.

B section

The ________ is usually in a contrasting key, tempo, or melody, and provides a break from the repetition of the A section.

sense of tension

They are used to create a(n) ________ and dissonance in a melody.

Consonant appoggiaturas

________ are often used in music to add ornamentation or embellishment to a melody.

Embellishments

Musical ornaments that add interest and variety to a melody

Trills

Rapid alternation between two adjacent notes

Turns

Quick sequence of four notes that are played in a specific order

Mordents

Mordent is a rapid alternation between a note and the note above or below it

Grace notes

Quick, ornamental notes that are played before a main note

Appoggiaturas

Type of grace note that is played on the beat, taking up half the value of the main note

Acciaccaturas

Type of grace note that is played very quickly, just before the main note

Passing tones

Non-chord tones that connect two chord tones by stepwise motion

Unaccented passing tones

Passing tones that occur on a weak beat of the measure

Accented passing tones

Passing tones that occur on a strong beat of the measure

Chromatic passing tones

Passing tones that involve chromatic alteration

Neighbor tones

Non-chord tones that are a step above or below a chord tone and then return to the original chord tone

Upper neighbor tones

Neighbor tones that are a step above the original chord tone

Lower neighbor tones

Neighbor tones that are a step below the original chord tone

Preparation and resolution

The way in which non-chord tones are approached and resolved

Ornamentation

The use of non-chord tones to embellish a melody

Anticipation tones

A note that is played before the chord changes to create tension and anticipation

Escape tones

A note that is played on a weak beat and resolves to a chord tone on a strong beat

Upper escape tone

Type of musical ornamentation that is used to create tension and release in a melody

Lower escape tone

Type of musical ornamentation that is used to create tension and release in a melody

Appoggiaturas

A type of embellishment where a non-chord tone is played on the beat and resolves to a chord tone

Dissonant appoggiatura

Appoggiatura that creates tension because it clashes with the main note

Consonant appoggiatura

Appoggiatura that does not create tension because it does not clash with the main note

Pedal points

A sustained note played against changing harmonies

Suspension

Type of non-chord tone that occurs when a note from a chord is held over into the next chord, creating a dissonance that resolves downward by step

Retardation

Type of non-chord tone that occurs when a note from a chord is held over into the next chord, creating a dissonance that resolves upward by step

4-3 suspension

Type of suspension where the suspended note is a fourth above the bass and resolves down by step to a third above the bass

Chain of suspensions

A series of suspensions that occur one after the other, creating a sense of tension and release

Rearticulated suspension

Type of suspension where the suspended note is repeated before resolving

Motive

Short melodic or rhythmic idea that is repeated and developed throughout a piece of music

Motivic transformation

The process of altering a motive to create a new musical idea

Transposed motives

The same motive played in a different key

Exact transposed motives

The same motive played in a different key, but with no alteration to the intervals between the notes

Chromatic transposed motives

The same motive played in a different key, but with some alteration to the intervals between the notes

Motive inversion

When a motive is played upside down, so that the intervals between the notes are reversed

Retrograde

When a motive is played backwards, so that the last note becomes the first note, and so on

Extended motive

When a motive is repeated and extended beyond its original length

Truncated motive

When a motive is shortened by removing some of its notes

Fragmented motive

When a motive is broken up into smaller pieces and used in different parts of the music

Motivic augmentation

When a motive is played at a slower tempo or with longer note values

Motivic diminution

When a motive is played at a faster tempo or with shorter note values

Melodic sequencing

Refers to the repetition of a pattern of notes in a melody

Sequence

A pattern of notes that is repeated at different pitch levels

Ascending sequence

Pattern of notes that moves upward in pitch

Descending sequence

Pattern of notes that moves downward in pitch

Diatonic melodic sequences

They use only the notes of a particular key

Chromatic melodic sequences

They use all twelve notes of the chromatic scale

Harmonic sequences

A series of chords that follow a pattern of intervals

Descending harmonic sequences

Chords move down by a certain interval

Ascending harmonic sequences

Chords move up by a certain interval

Harmonic progression

A sequence of musical chords that follow a specific pattern

Monte

The chords move upwards in pitch creating a sense of tension and anticipation

Fonte

The chords move downwards in pitch creating a sense of release and relaxation, as the progression resolves at a lower pitch

Ponte

The chords neither ascend nor descend, but instead move in a circular or meandering pattern creating a sense of ambiguity and unpredictability

Minuet

A three-part musical form that is commonly used in music compositions

Full texture sequence

A sequence where all voices move in the same rhythm and direction

Linear intervallic pattern sequence

A sequence where the intervals between the notes in each voice follow a pattern

Descending fifths progression

A sequence where chords move down by a fifth

Ascending fifths sequence

A sequence where chords move up by a fifth

Descending thirds sequence

A sequence where chords move down by a third

Ascending seconds sequence

A sequence where chords move up by a second

Ascending parallel 6/5 chords

A type of chord progression commonly used in classical music

Pachelbel sequence

A sequence that uses the chords I, V, vi, iii, IV, I, IV, V

First chord progression

Establishes the key and sets the tone for the sequence

Second chord progression in pachelbel sequence

Variation of the first and typically involves a change in the melody or harmony

Final chord progression in pachelbel sequence

Resolves the sequence and brings it to a close