Social Science number 2

What time period is referred to as the Roaring Twenties?

The decade between World War I and the Great Depression.

What cultural movements emerged during the Roaring Twenties?

A wave of artistic and cultural creativity, particularly among African American and Jewish-American artists.

What significant social change occurred for women during the Roaring Twenties?

Women gained the right to vote.

What was the impact of Prohibition during the 1920s?

It marked the decade as one of state-led morality, but did not stop the nation's demand for alcohol.

What was the 'noble experiment' in the 1920s?

The enactment of a constitutional amendment barring the sale of alcohol.

What role did Hollywood and jazz play during the Roaring Twenties?

They grew in global influence, shaping glamorous images of the United States.

What societal tensions existed alongside the cultural creativity of the Roaring Twenties?

The rise of the Ku Klux Klan, hostility toward immigrants, and the spread of scientific racism.

What was the relationship between secularism and religious fundamentalism during the Roaring Twenties?

Growing secularism and religious diversity occurred alongside a rise in Christian fundamentalism.

What was the significance of the term 'The Great Migration' during the Roaring Twenties?

It refers to the movement of African Americans from rural South to urban North, seeking better opportunities.

What does the term 'Welfare Capitalism' refer to in the context of the Roaring Twenties?

A system where businesses provide welfare benefits to employees to promote loyalty and reduce labor unrest.

What was the impact of mass production on the automobile industry during the Roaring Twenties?

It led to increased accessibility of cars, transforming American society and mobility.

What were 'speakeasies' during the Prohibition era?

Illegal bars that operated during the Prohibition, where alcohol was sold secretly.

What was the significance of the Sacco and Vanzetti trial?

It highlighted the tensions of immigration and radicalism in the 1920s, as two Italian immigrants were convicted of murder.

What was the cultural significance of the Harlem Renaissance?

It was a cultural movement celebrating African American culture, arts, and intellectualism in the 1920s.

What does the term 'Jazz Age' refer to?

A period in the 1920s characterized by the popularity of jazz music and dance.

What was the role of advertising during the Roaring Twenties?

Advertising became a powerful tool for promoting consumerism and shaping public perceptions.

What was the impact of the First Amendment Supreme Court cases during the Roaring Twenties?

They addressed issues of free speech and civil liberties amidst growing social tensions.

What does 'Easy Credit' refer to in the context of the Roaring Twenties?

The availability of credit that encouraged consumer spending and contributed to economic growth.

What was the significance of the Washington Naval Conference?

It aimed to prevent a naval arms race and promote peace among major world powers after WWI.

What was the impact of the Stock Market Crash of 1929?

It marked the beginning of the Great Depression, leading to widespread economic hardship.

What was the role of mass communication, particularly radio, during the Roaring Twenties?

Radio became a major medium for entertainment and information, shaping public opinion and culture.

What does the term 'American Moderns' refer to?

A group of artists and writers who embraced modernism and challenged traditional forms of expression.

What were the 'New Women' in the context of the Roaring Twenties?

Women who embraced new social norms, including greater independence and participation in public life.

What was the significance of the Johnson Reed Immigration Act of 1924?

It established restrictive quotas on immigration, reflecting the era's nativist sentiments.

What was the cultural impact of the 'Lost Generation'?

A group of American writers disillusioned by the aftermath of WWI, who explored themes of alienation and disillusionment.

What significant constitutional amendment was enacted in the 1920s?

An amendment barring the sale of alcohol, marking the beginning of Prohibition.

What characterized the economic conditions of the 1920s in the U.S.?

Extreme wealth for a few and rising living standards for many, despite struggles for millions.

How did the U.S. foreign policy shift during the 1920s?

The U.S. retreated from global leadership and embraced isolationism.

What were the hopes of Americans at the beginning of the 1920s?

Hopes of ending poverty and abolishing war.

What major economic crisis began at the end of the 1920s?

The Great Depression.

What cultural transition did the 1920s represent in American history?

A shift from a bygone America with horse-drawn carriages to a modern era with automobiles and flappers.

What were some significant innovations of the 1920s?

Changes in mass communication, consumption, and entertainment that influenced American culture.

What societal concerns arose from the innovations of the 1920s?

Concerns about technology replacing human connection and the promotion of a consumer-driven lifestyle.

What was the impact of racial violence during Wilson's presidency?

It exposed the shortcomings of American democracy at a time when Wilson promoted world democracy.

What was Woodrow Wilson's campaign slogan during his re-election in 1916?

'He Kept Us Out of War.'

What was the human toll of World War I?

Over 37 million casualties, including combat deaths and wounded soldiers.

What was the Spanish Flu, and what was its impact?

A global influenza pandemic that caused an estimated 20 million deaths worldwide, originating in the U.S.

What was Wilson's vision for postwar peace outlined in the Fourteen Points?

Self-determination for small nations, freedom of the seas, free trade, and a general association of nations.

What was the League of Nations, and why was it important to Wilson?

An international organization aimed at resolving conflicts peacefully; it was Wilson's top priority during peace negotiations.

What was the outcome of the Treaty of Versailles regarding Germany?

Germany was assigned sole blame for the war, ordered to forfeit colonies, reduce its military, and pay $21 billion in reparations.

How did Wilson's popularity manifest during his visit to Paris in 1918?

He received a grand welcome, highlighting the growing influence of the U.S. in global affairs.

What was the significance of the Meuse-Argonne offensive?

It was a crucial battle that helped turn the tide for the Allies in World War I.

What was the relationship between the U.S. and Great Britain during World War I?

Ties to Great Britain were stronger than to Germany, influencing U.S. involvement in the war.

What did Wilson's Fourteen Points speech achieve?

It was the first time a leader addressed the world in real-time via radio technology.

What was the contradiction of the 1920s in relation to American ideals?

Despite optimism and progress, the decade was marked by significant social and economic struggles.

What was the impact of labor unrest in 1919?

It affected nearly every major industry and disrupted daily life across the U.S.

What was the significance of the phrase 'Peace Without Victory'?

It represented Wilson's idealistic approach to postwar peace, aiming for fairness rather than punishment.

What did Wilson believe about the League of Nations?

He believed it could address the flaws in the Treaty of Versailles and promote lasting peace.

What was included in the final treaty that Wilson advocated for?

A Covenant for the League of Nations containing twenty-six articles aimed at promoting international cooperation and achieving international peace and security.

How did Wilson's reception in Paris differ from that of Clemenceau and Lloyd George?

Wilson received a warm welcome from the public, while Clemenceau and Lloyd George were cold towards his idealism due to the immense suffering their countries endured during the war.

What health issue did Wilson face during the Versailles Peace Conference?

Wilson fell ill with what is suspected to be Spanish flu, leading to severe headaches and aphasia, which affected his ability to communicate.

Who was Wilson's greatest rival in the Senate regarding the League of Nations?

Henry Cabot Lodge, who mobilized opposition to the League and sought major changes to the treaty.

What was the main concern of Lodge and the Reservationists regarding the League of Nations?

They viewed Article X of the League's Charter as a threat to U.S. sovereignty and an unacceptable limit on the nation's independence.

What was Wilson's strategy to gain support for the League of Nations?

Wilson linked the League to the treaty and appealed to wartime patriotism, accusing critics of being unpatriotic.

What did Wilson proclaim about the League of Nations during his submission of the treaty to the Senate?

He claimed it represented the best hope for lasting peace and urged the Senate not to reject it.

What was the outcome of the Senate's vote on the Treaty of Versailles?

The Senate rejected the treaty, marking the first time a peace treaty was defeated in U.S. history.

What impact did Wilson's stroke have on the treaty negotiations?

It removed Wilson from the fight at a crucial time and made him more resolute against compromise.

What was the significance of Wilson's speaking tour across the country?

It aimed to rally public support for the League of Nations but ultimately strained his health further.

What was the final vote count when the Senate rejected the treaty again in March 1920?

The treaty was rejected by a vote of 49 to 35.

What was the long-term effect of the U.S. not joining the League of Nations?

The League suffered significant damage and struggled with weak enforcement and other issues in the following years.

What did Wilson believe about the League's role in international politics?

He believed it was essential for progress and for establishing a new order in international relations.

What was Wilson's condition when he returned from the speaking tour?

He suffered a massive stroke that left him partially paralyzed.

What was the public's reaction to Wilson's speeches during his tour?

He attracted huge crowds and received enthusiastic responses, highlighting his ability to connect with the public.

What did Wilson's opponents in the Senate, like Borah, fear about the League?

They feared that joining the League would entangle the U.S. in European conflicts and limit its independence.

What did Wilson believe about the critics of the League?

He viewed them as opposing progress and justice, framing the debate as a battle between good and evil.

What was the political landscape Wilson faced upon returning to the U.S.?

He faced a hostile, Republican-controlled Congress that was resistant to his vision for the League of Nations.

How did Wilson's health impact his ability to negotiate the treaty?

His declining health, including symptoms from his stroke, hindered his capacity to effectively advocate for the League.

What event on October 2 affected President Wilson's leadership?

He suffered a massive stroke that left him partially paralyzed.

How long did the U.S. lack effective leadership due to Wilson's incapacitation?

Eighteen months.

What was the membership of the American Federation of Labor (AFL) in 1919?

4,169,000 members.

What were the main demands of workers and unions after World War I?

Higher wages, shorter hours, and the right to bargain collectively.

What was the outcome of the steelworkers' strike in 1919?

The strike broke down due to dwindling resources, government-supported violence, and public opposition.

What was Governor Calvin Coolidge's response to the Boston police strike?

He sent state guard units to restore order and declared there is no right to strike against public safety.

What was the significance of the Seattle general strike in 1919?

It was a city-wide general strike involving over one hundred labor unions that lasted five days until federal troops intervened.

What was the last major labor action of 1919?

A strike by 400,000 coal miners organized under the United Mine Workers.

What did the Espionage Act and Sedition Act make illegal?

Speaking out against the government, military, or the war effort.

What was the Red Scare?

A campaign against suspected radicals that weakened civil liberties in the U.S.

What triggered the Red Scare in the United States?

The Bolshevik Revolution in Russia and fears of its ideas spreading to the U.S.

What actions did Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer take during the Red Scare?

He focused on fighting radical groups and conducted the Palmer Raids.

What was the public reaction to the bombings during the Red Scare?

Many supported government actions against perceived threats, leading to a crackdown on civil liberties.

What was the impact of the labor conflicts on American society in 1919?

It led to increased tensions between labor unions and government, and a rise in anti-communist sentiment.

How did the government respond to domestic terrorism during the Red Scare?

Congress approved $500,000 to support the Justice Department's campaign against domestic terrorism.

What was the role of the AFL during the labor unrest post-WWI?

It was the largest labor union and had a significant influence on labor movements.

What was the result of the federal court orders against the United Mine Workers?

They accepted a deal that gave them pay raises but ignored demands for safer conditions.

What was the public perception of radical ideas during the post-WWI era?

Radical thinking was seen as a threat, leading to widespread fear and repression.

What was the effect of the war economy's end on American workers?

Workers returned to high prices and fewer jobs, leading to increased labor unrest.

What did the government do to combat the perceived threat of radicalism?

They enacted laws that restricted civil liberties and targeted suspected radicals.

What was the outcome of the labor strikes in 1919?

They resulted in significant unrest and highlighted the growing tensions between labor and government.

Who were the 'Wobblies'?

Members of the radical International Workers of the World (IWW) labor union.

What event led to the deportation of 249 suspected subversives, including Emma Goldman?

The hastily convened hearings at Ellis Island on December 21, 1919.

How many arrests were made by bureau agents in January 1920 related to the Communist Party?

Over four thousand arrests.

What term did Palmer use to describe individuals he targeted during the Red Scare?

Reds.

What was the purpose of the General Intelligence Division (GID) established by Palmer?

To lead the fight against radical groups.

Who was chosen to run the General Intelligence Division (GID)?

J. Edgar Hoover.

What was the size of the intelligence archive built by the GID?

200,000 cards cataloging information about suspected individuals, organizations, and publications.

What constitutional concerns arose from the enforcement of the Espionage and Sedition Acts?

They violated many constitutional civil liberties.

What was the outcome of the Supreme Court case Schenck v. United States?

The court upheld Schenck's conviction, ruling that his speech posed a 'clear and present danger' during wartime.

What did Justice Holmes argue regarding free speech in wartime?

He argued that speech opposing the draft posed a clear and present danger to national defense.

What was the decision in Abrams v. United States regarding the distribution of leaflets?

The court ruled against Abrams, finding his call for a strike posed a clear and present danger.

What was Eugene Debs convicted for, and what was his sentence?

He was convicted for giving an anti-war speech and sentenced to ten years in prison.