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Crust
The thin and solid outermost layer of the Earth above the mantle

Mantle
The layer of hot, solid material between Earth's crust and core.

outer core
A layer of molten iron and nickel that surrounds the inner core of Earth

inner core
A dense sphere of solid iron and nickel at the center of Earth

Lithosphere
A rigid layer made up of the uppermost part of the mantle and the crust.

Asthenosphere
The soft layer of the mantle on which the lithosphere floats.

Mesosphere
The strong, lower part of the mantle between the asthenosphere and the outer core

P waves
seismic waves that compress and expand the ground like an accordion

S waves
A type of seismic wave that moves the ground up and down or side to side

Seismic Waves
waves that travel through the Earth, generated by earthquakes or artificial explosions.
Differentiation
the process by which Earth differentiated into layers of varying composition and density, separating heavier materials from lighter ones during its formation.