Musculoskeletal System SOAP

CT scan, CAT scan

computed axial tomography

MRI

magnetic resonance imaging

arthroscopy

procedure of looking into a joint

electromyography (EMG)

procedure for measuring the electrical activity of a muscle

kyphosis

abnormal forward curvature of the upper spine

lordosis

exaggerated curvature of the lower spine

scoliosis

abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

fracture

broken bone

transverse fracture

bone break with fracture line straight across shaft of bone

oblique fracture

fracture at an angle to the bone

spiral fracture

fracture where a jagged slanted line across bone

angulated fracture

fracture where there is a slanted line with the bone bending away

displaced fracture

A fracture in which bone fragments are separated from one another and not in anatomic alignment.

effusion

fluid buildup

atrophy

underdevelopment, decrease or loss of muscle mass

hypertrophy

overdevelopment of muscle tissue

analgesic

pain relieving medications

anti-inflammatory

medications that reduce inflammation/swelling

antiarthritic

medications that reduce joint inflammation

osteectomy, ostectomy

removal of a bone

closed reduction

procedure to return bones to proper position without surgery

open reduction

procedure to return bones to proper position with surgery

internal fixation

procedure to stabilize a bone from the inside of the body using plates and screws

external fixation

procedure to stabilize a bone from the outside of the body using casts and splints

orthotic

a device used to straighten or help straighten or stabilize a body part

prosthesis

replacement of a missing body part

arthrodesis

surgical fixation of a joint by fusion of the adjacent bones

arthroplasty

reconstruction of a joint

PT

physical therapy

RICE

rest, ice, compression, elevation

osteosarcoma

cancerous tumor arising out of bone cells

osteogenesis imperfecta

brittle bone disease, a genetic disease in which the bones do not develop correctly

osteopenia

reduction of bone density

osteoporosis

loss of bone density

spinal stenosis

abnormal narrowing of the spinal column

arthritis

inflammation of a joint

osteoarthritis

inflammation of the bone and joint

rheumatoid arthritis

inflammation of the joint due to an autoimmune disease

subluxation

partial dislocation of a joint

muscular dystrophy

a group of genetic diseases that cause progressive weakness and loss of muscle mass

tendinitis, tendonitis

inflammation of a tendon

necrotizing fasciitis

inflammation of fascia causing the death of tissue

ostalgia, ostealgia, osteodynia

pain in the bone

arthralgia, arthrodynia

pain in a joint

tenalgia

pain in the tendon

myalgia, myodynia

pain in the muscle

atrophy

the process of muscle wasting away

hypertrophy

over development of muscle

ankylosis

stiff or bent joint

crepitus

crackling sound when the joint is bent

hypotonia

decrease in normal muscle tone or tension

hypertonia

increase in muscle tone and cases movements to be stiff or overly forceful

dystaxia, ataxia

poor coordination

bradykinesia

slow movement

genu valgum

knock-kneed, the condition when the knees are too close together under the hips

genu varum

bow-legged, the condition when the knees are aligned too far apart under the hips

myasthenia

muscle weakness

graphospasm

writer's cramp

myasthenia gravis

muscle weakness particularly in the muscles of the eyes and speech

epiphysis

end of a bone

epiphyseal plate

growth plate

diaphysis

middle of bone

metaphysis

neck of bone, the small area connecting the epiphysis to the diaphysis

axial skeleton

skull, spine, sternum, and ribs

appendicular skeleton

bones of the upper and lower extremities

joint

where two bones meet

muscle

collection of muscle fiber bundles

fascia

thin sheet of connective tissues that cover the muscles

skeletal muscle

muscle that is attached to the bones of the skeleton and that moves bones voluntarily

cardiac muscle

Involuntary muscle found only in the heart.

smooth muscle

Involuntary muscle that lines many internal organs of the body

oste/o

bone

crani/o

head, skull

cervic/o

neck

cost/o

rib

lumb/o

lower back

brachi/o

arm

carp/o

wrist

femor/o

femur (thigh bone)

tibi/o

tibia (shin bone)

tars/o

ankle

chondr/o

cartilage

arthr/o

joint

burs/o

bursa

perpatellar bursitis

inflammation of the bursa in front of the knee cap

muscul/o, my/o, myos/o

muscle

ten/o, tend/o, tendon/o

tendon

kinesi/o

movement

kinesiology

study of human movement

musculoskeletal system

the system made up of the muscles and bones

tendinitis

inflammation of a tendon