lecture 1 PNB

Cell

Smallest unit

Membrane organelles

Organelle that is surrounded by a lipid bilayer

Non-membranous

Organelles without lipid bilayer

Cytoplasm

Organelles + cytosol. Within the cell, outside the nucleus

Plasma membrane

Surrounds all cell

Integral protein

Pass through the entirety of plasma membrane

Peripheral proteins

Attached to one surface of the membrane

Glycoprotein

Covers carbohydrates

Glycolipid

Carbohydrate is attached to a lipid instead of protein

Cell wall

Only in plants. Outer case mostly made of carbohydrates cellulose

Cytoskeleton

Provide structural support

Centrioles

Structure made of microtubules. Largest cytoskeleton filaments. Found in animals

Microvilli

Bigger plasma membrane, absorb nutrients

Cilia and flagella

Bigger plasma membrane, sperm has flagella, cilia is hair

Vesicle

Cellular structure surrounded by lipid bilayer and contains fluid

Lysosome

Digest, break stuff down

Peroxisome

Breaks down hydrogen peroxide, important in some biological reactions

Vacuoles

Vesicle used for storage. Contain lipid and carbohydrates. Plants has this to store water

Ribosome

Builds protein from amino acid

How are ribosome produced?

By nucleolus, structure within cell

Endoplasm reticulum (ER)

Series of membranes and vesicles which surround the nucleus

Rough ER

Covered in ribosome, produces protein and sent to Golgi apparatus.

Smooth ER

Lacks ribosome, produces biomolecules

Golgi Apparatus

Modify and transport ER to their final destination

Mitochondria

Produces ATP. Process is called cellular respiration

Chloroplast

Found in plant cells and some single celled organisms, produce oxygen and glucose

Photosynthesis

Energy from sun to plant