a group of individuals with broad common interests who organize to nominate candidates for office, win elections, conduct government, and determine public policy
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Patronage
The practice of granting favors to reward party loyalty
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Stability
remaining steady
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One-party system
a system in which only one political party exists, often because the government tolerates no other opposition; usually in authoritarian governments
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Two-party system
a system in which two major parties compete for power, although minor parties may exist
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Coalition government
one formed by several parties who combine forces to obtain a majority
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Third party
any political party other than one of the two major parties
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Single-issue party
a political party that focuses exclusively on one major social, economic, or moral issue
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Ideological party
a political party that has a particular set of ideas about how to change society overall rather than focusing on a single issue
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Splinter party
a political party that splits away from a major party because of some disagreement
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Single-member district
an electoral district in which only one candidate is elected to each office
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Proportional representation
a system in which several officials are elected to represent the same area in proportion to the votes each party's candidate receives
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Ideology
a set of basic beliefs about life, culture, government, and society
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Liberal
the belief that the proper role of government is to actively promote health, education, and justice
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Conservative
the belief that the government should play a limited role in citizens' lives; also the belief in "traditional family values" and what is viewed as a moral lifestyle
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Moderate
the belief in both liberal and conservative viewpoints
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Democratic party
the party more associated with liberal and moderate-liberals
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Republican party
the party more associated with conservative and moderate-conservatives
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Platform
a statement of a political party's principles, beliefs, and positions on vital issues
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Party identification
loyalty to a political party
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Independent
a voter who does not support any particular party
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Polarize
to divide into opposing groups
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Centrist
a person whose views tend to be moderate
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Canvass
to solicit votes and determine opinions
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Caucus
a private meeting of party leaders to choose candidates for office
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Direct primary
an election in which party members select people to run in the general election
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Closed primary
an election in which only members of a political party can vote
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Open primary
an election in which all voters may participate
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Plurality
the largest number of votes in an election
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Ticket
a party's candidates for president and vice president
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