RPH

Article III - Bill of rights

• An indispensable part of the constitution

• It is important because it aims at balancing the power of the government and various freedom of the individual

Provide 2 things

1. Restrictions directed against the states

2. Explicit identification and limitation of rights

Bill of rights

• Refers to the declaration and enumeration of the fundamental civil and political rights of a person

• Primary purpose of safeguarding the person from violations by the government

Civil Rights

• rights belonging to individuals by virtue of their citizenship, 

• such as freedom to contract, right to property, and marriage among others

Political Rights

• rights pertaining to the citizenship of the individual vis-à-vis the administration of the government, 

• such as right of suffrage right to hold office, and right to petition for redress of wrong

Socio-economic Rights

• ensure the well-being and economic security of an individual

Rights of the accused

• protections given to the person of an accused in any criminal case.

Article III - Bill of rights

• Sec 1. Right to due process of law and equal protection of laws

• Sec. 2. Right against unreasonable searches and seizures

• Sec. 3. Right to privacy

• Sec. 4. Freedom of speech, of expression and of the press

• Sec. 5. Religious Freedom

• Sec. 6. Liberty of abode and right to travel

• Sec. 7. Right to information on matters of public concern

• Sec. 8. Right to form associations, unions and societies

• Sec. 9. Right to just compensation upon taking of private property

• Sec. 10. Right against impairment on the obligations of contract

• Sec. 11. Right to adequate legal assistance

• Sec. 12. Right of a person under investigation

• Sec. 13. Right to bail

• Sec. 14. Right of the accused under criminal prosecution

• Sec. 15. Right against suspension of the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus

• Sec. 16. Right to speedy disposition of cases

• Sec. 17. Right against self-incrimination

• Sec. 18. Right against imprisonment for expression of political beliefs and aspirations and right against involuntary servitude 

• Sec. 19. Right against cruel, degrading and inhuman punishment and right against excessive fines. 

• Sec. 20. Right against imprisonment for non-payment of debt and poll tax

• Sec. 21. Right against double jeopardy

• Sec. 22. Right against ex post facto law and bill of attainder 

Article IV: Citizenship

• Those who are citizens of the Philippines at the time of the adoption of this constitution

• Those whose father or mothers are citizens of the philippines

• Those born before january 17, 1973 of Filipino mothers, who elect Philippine citizenship upon reaching the age of majority

• Those who are naturalized in accordance with the law

Jus soli (right of the soil)

• citizenship of a person is determined but the place where person was born

Jus Sangunis (right of blood)

• A person acquires citizenship through their parents

Duties and Obligations of Filipino citizens

• To be loyal and honor the Philippine flag

• To defend the State and contribute to its development

• To uphold the Constitution and obey the laws

• To cooperate with the duly constituted authorities in the attainment and preservation of a just and humane society

• To obey the laws

• To pay taxes

• To vote

Suffrage

• Right and obligation to vote

• Empowered citizen to participate in the process of government

Suffrage

• It is not only exercised during elections, but also other initiatives, referendums, plebsites and recalls

Election

• People choose their representative who are entrusted the exercise of power of the government

Initiative

• People directly propose and enact laws

• They initiate the law-making process

Referendum

People ratify or reject a law or part thereof referred to or submitted to them by the national or local law-making body

Plebiscite

• Process by which people either ratify or reject an amendment or revision to the constitution

Recall

• Mode of removing an incumbent official from office by a vote of the people

• Uses petition to rightfully exercises suffrage