[2] Module 1: Introduction to Urban Design and Community Architecture

URBAN DESIGN

— process of designing and shaping cities, towns and villages

URBAN DESIGN

— involves the arrangement and design of groups of buildings, of streets and public spaces, whole neighborhoods and districts, and entire cities, transport systems, services and amenities

URBAN DESIGN

— it is an inter-disciplinary field

URBAN DESIGN

— it covers geography, social sciences, real estate and economics

geography

social sciences

real estate

economics

URBAN DESIGN COVERS…

to make urban areas functional, attractive, and sustainable

URBAN DESIGN GOAL

FORM-PATTERN

SHAPES-SPATIAL STRUCTURE

CHARACTER

URBAN DESIGN GIVES (BENEFITS):

• Large Rectangular

• Symmetrical Diagonals with Alleys, Omamental

• Disconnected Suburban Curvilinear

• Mega-Blocks with Developed Perimeter

• Sharp Triangular, Multiple Grid Orientations

• Curvilinear Modified Rectangular with Cul-de-sacs

• Mega-Blocks with Frequent Development Intrusions

• Topographically Influenced Curvilinear Diagonals

• Topographically Defined Curvilinear

EXAMPLES OF FORM-PATTERN

URBAN DESIGN

proactive design

URBAN PLANNING

management and development

ARCHITECTURE

building design and plan

Pedestrian zones

Incorporation of nature within a city

Aesthetics

Urban structure

Urban typology, density and sustainability

Accessibility, Legibility and way-finding

Animation

Function and fit

Complementary mixed uses

Character and meaning

Order and incident

Continuity and change

Civil society

URBAN DESIGN THEORY

Community

— can refer to a usually small, social unit of any size that shares common values.

Community architecture

— is the expression of a community's vision

COMMUNITY ARCHITECTURE

It is often formally conducted by NGOs, universities or government agencies to progress the social well-being of local, regional and, sometimes, national communities.

COMMUNITY ARCHITECTURE

the design process encourages community groups to set goals and work together to achieve them

• Geographic Communities

• Communities of Culture

• Community Organization

Types of Communities:

• Environmentally and culturally appropriate design.

• The removal of typical barriers to participation, such as formal hearings or inconvenient locations.

• Communication between different sectors and interests in the community, including government organizations, religious organizations and individuals.

• The ability to convey complex ideas simply to expert and non-expert participants alike through the use of graphics and 3-D models and other visual presentations.

• The prioritization of issues by and with those most affected by the decision making process

• Opportunities for skills training and advancement.

• Greater local capacity for decision-making and economic development

Benefits of Community Planning

BETTER LIVELIHOOD

DISPLACEMENT FROM DISASTERS

UNPLANNED & UNPREDICTED MIGRATION

INCREASED PACE OF URBANIZATION

POPULATION (NATURAL) GROWTH

CONTEXT OF UD & CA: THE NEED

1. PRESSURE ON INRASTRUCTURE

2. HEALTH & SANITATION PROBLEMS

3. HIGH CONSUMPTION & WASTE GENERATION

4. UNEMPLOYMENT

5. CRIME

6. CYLCE OF POVERTY

7. SPRAWL (CREATION OF SUBURBAN AREAS & SATEILITE CITIES)

URBAN DESIGN AND COMMUNITY ARCHITECTURE

POPULATION STABILIZATION

URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

CONTEXT OF UD & CA:

WHAT SHOULD BE DONE?

URBAN EXPLOSION

POPULATION STABILIZATION, URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT lead to?

POPULATION STABILIZATION

(stabilize growth Rates)

URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE

(e.g. housing, commercial and industrial centers)

(Design professionals contribute here)

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

(create programs that will reduce the determination to migrate)

the quality of the environment,

the efficiency of infrastructure network,

the growth of employment,

housing affordability.

Urban development strategies may address many concerns, such as…

Green belts

have a tendency to increase the price of land and housing and to increase commuting distance as households and firms are looking for cheaper land on the other side of the —.

Low density zoning

designed zoning designed to preserve more green areas have a tendency to preserve more green areas have a tendency to generate sprawl by forcing land users to consume more land than would otherwise be at risk in the absence of zoning.