Classification of Matter

Organizational theme in Chemistry

Atoms—> Elements—> Compounds—> Mixtures

Atoms

Smallest unit in Chemistry

Made up of spherical, small, subatomic particles

Examples of Atoms

Protons (+)

Neutrons (n)

Electrons (-)

Elements

Pure substances

cannot be broken down physically

made up of the same types of atoms

Monoatomic elements

na, sodium

diatomic elements

O, H, Br2, I2,N2,Cl2,H2,O2, F2

Diatomic

Molecules composed of only two atoms, of the same or different chemical elements

Compounds

Pure Substances

Two or more elements chemically combined in a fixed ratio

Can be broken down

Mixtures

A blend of 2 or more different substances

Same composition (Same Phase) = Homogenous

Different composition (Different Phase) = Heterogenous

Concrete

Mixture, Heterogenous

Sugar+Purewater (C12H22O11+H2O)

Mixture, Homogenous

Iron fillings (Fe)

Pure substance, Element

Limestone (CaCO3)

Pure substance, Compound

Orange juice (w/pulp)

Mixture, Heterogenous

Pacific Ocean

Mixture, Pure substance, Homogenous, Heterogenous (it depends)

Air inside a balloon

Mixture, Homogenous

Aluminium (Al)

Pure substance, Element

Magnesium (Mg)

Pure substance, Element

Acetylene (C2H2)

Pure substance, Compound

Tap water in a glass

Mixture, Heterogenous

Soil

Mixture, Heterogenous

Pure water (H2O)

Pure substance, Compound

Chromium (Cr)

Pure substance, Element

Chex mix

Mixture, Heterogenous

Salt + pure water (NaCl + H2O)

Mixture, Homogenous

Benzene (C6H6)

Pure substance, Compound

Muddy water

Mixture, Heterogenous

Brass (Cu mixed with Zn)

Pure substance, Compound

Baking soda (NaHCO3)

Pure substance, Compound