T&E Chpt. 19 - Societies at Crossroads

Boxer Rebellion

Rebellion in China that was against foreign influence

Capitulations

Agreements that gave European visitors exemption from Ottoman law

Extraterritoriality

Own country applies own jurisdiction anywhere on their own law

Cixi

Leader of the rebellion and Empress Dowager

Cohong

Specially licensed Chinese firms who were the only ones able to engage in foreign trade

Commodore Matthew Perry

The person from the U.S. who challenged Japan to control them

Crimean War

Western Europe fought Russia because they were trying to take over the Ottoman territory. Russia lost.

Duma

Russia’s first parliamentary system. Didn’t work very well

Emancipation Manifesto

Alexander II issued this to abolish serfdom, seeing the economic insufficiency it brought. Didn’t work very well

Fukuzawa Yukichii

Looked and applauded at the education and modernization of the United States and Western Europe. Took those ideas for the Meiji Restoration

Hundred Days Reform

Reform made in China that was aggressive in industrialization and created radical changes. Soon ended due to the elites not liking this

Janissaries

Ottoman warriors who used to be deadly but are now lacking, very conservative

Lin Zexu

Government official who was supposed to end the opium trade, ending in the bad opium wars China lost majorly

Mahmud II

Ended the Janissary killing and implemented things that led to the Tanzimat reform. Mostly tried to make mllitary be Restoration, not new

Meiji Restoration

Returned authority to Emperor and no more military governments. Goal was to gain equality to foreign powers so industrialization was the goal

Muhammad Ali

Built Egyptian millitary ruled Egypt. Independent for the most part

Mutsuhito

Became Emperor Meiji and implemented the Meiji Restoration