AP U.S. History Chapter 1 & 2 Prep

What was the Columbian Exchange?

Introduced diseases, animals, and goods.

What were the motives/goals for Spain going into the Americas?

God, Glory, and Gold. Wanted to exploit the Americas to profit, achieved this by colonizing, and enslaving its inhabitants.

What were the motives for the British going in the Americas?

Focused on expanding their economy, through trade, and sometimes enslavement/labor

What was the economy/geography like in the Middle New England colony?

Bread basket climate depended on slavery, small farms, and merchants for its economy. Diverse Religions

What was the economy/geography like in the Southern New England Colony?

Lush geography, cash crops, fertile land. Depended on the head-right system and a stratified society. Mostly Anglican

What caused and resulted from the Pueblo Revolt?

The horrible treatment of the spanish ie. forced labor, liberated the Pueblos

What happened in Bacon’s Rebellion?

Ordinary colonists began to question/challenge the government. Nathaniel Bacon led others to burn Jamestown, and declared a “Manifesto and Declaration of the People”.

Puritan-Pequot War

Settlers and their allies massacred five hundred people.

Town Meeting

Men meet regularly to discuss election of government

Navigation Acts

A series of British laws that helped Britians economy through trade.

Mayflower Compact

First governing document in New England. Established a “civil politic body”.

Triangular Trade

Connected Europe, Africa, and the Americas. Brought forced migration of enslaved Africans

Halfway Covenant

Allowed partial church members the choice to only baptize their children instead of forced conversion

Virgina House of Burgesses

could make laws and levy taxes. Elected by the people

Head-right system

Guaranteed 50 acres of land to anyone who paid for immigrants.

Toleration Act

Granted religious freedom

Casta System

A hierarchy system of racial classes which impacted social status, wealth etc.

Protestant Reformation

A movement that was influenced by Martin Luther’s critiques of Roman church.

Counter-Reformation

A reaction from the Roman Church in regards to the words of Martin Luther.

Calvinism

The belief that God was an absolute ruler and predetermined where you go

Patriarchies

where communities are ruled by men

stratified society

hiearchy systems based on wealth

Encomienda system

A Spanish labor system which protected enslaved natives if they converted into Catholicism.

Haciendas

land holdings, founded on indentured servitude and enslavement.

mezitos

European and Native ancestry.

enclosure movements

transformed American land into private or enclosed lands.

mission system

Catholics that ventured into the Americas to convert it’s people.

Henry Hudson

An English mariner that found a fur bonanza

John Winthrop

Protested against European Ideas, most known for his speech “A City Upon a Hill”