Transistors and digital devices

How to use transistors as switches

What is binary?

A number system that uses a base of 2 ( 0 and 1)

Why is binary system useful in logic gates?

We can use 0 to represent false [low power] and 1 to represent true [high power]

How to convert binary to number (base 10)

How to convert base-10 number to binary

What is a bit?

A individual binary digit

What is a byte?

Group of 8 bits

How many bytes does it take to represent one character [ASCII]

1

What is a pixel?

The basic unit of programmable color on a computer display or in a computer image

How many bytes does a pixel need?

3 → one for each colour [R,G,B]

Draw a not gate using transistor [Include the symbol for the gate + truth table]

Draw a nor gate using transistor [Include the symbol for the gate + truth table]

[Transistors in parallel → if you going to be using two]

Draw an or gate using transistor [Include the symbol for the gate + truth table]

Draw an nand gate using transistor [Include the symbol for the gate + truth table]

Draw an and gate using transistor [Include the symbol for the gate + truth table]

Draw an xor gate using logic gates [Also draw the symbol + truth table]

Draw a half-bit adder using logic gate + symbol for it

What is the issue with a half-bit adder

Does not take the carry-over of the previous calculation into consideration

Draw a full-bit adder + symbol

What you want to do when you making your own logic component

• Simplify the truth table

• Add bars for each input to easily see the interaction of each input which leads to which output

What is sequential logic

Draw a RS-Latch

What is a flip flop

Draw a flip flop using logic gates

Draw the symbol for a flip flop

What is a register?

Multiple flip flop together

Draw a time propriety encoding using logic gates

Draw a D flip flop + symbol

Draw a time priority encoding using D-flip flop

Create a counter with D-flip flop

How to convert a number in base-10 with a decimal point to binary?

You treat the whole number as you normally do

For fractional part:

• Multiply by 2

• The whole number → add to sequence of string that represent the binary representation of the fraction part

• The remainder → multiply by 2 and repeat

• Repeat until done

Sometimes → you might reach a problem where you need infinite space to represent that fraction part in binary → stop until you reaches your size limit

What approximation can you do regarding Ic and Ie for transistors in saturation mode?

Ic = Ie