Theoretical Foundations of Nursing Midterm Reviewer Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering major concepts, definitions, and theorists from the Theoretical Foundations of Nursing (TFN) midterm review notes.

Science of Nursing (Rogers)

A body of abstract knowledge emerging from scientific research and logical analysis.

Martha Roger's Theory

A theory asserting that human beings are integrated energy fields rather than separate physical or biological entities.

Energy Field

A characteristic of basic life processes defined as the potential for process, movement, and change.

Openness (Rogers)

The condition where the human field and environment are constantly exchanging energy.

Pattern (Rogers)

The dynamic or active process of life of a human being.

Pandimensionality

The concept that parameters in language used by humans to describe events are arbitrary.

Resonancy

A homeodynamic principle representing the intensity of change and embracing the continuous variability of human energy.

Helicy

A homeodynamic principle that describes unpredictable but continuous change.

Integrality

A homeodynamic principle encompassing the mutual, continuous relationship of human and environmental energy fields.

Hildegard Peplau's Theory

Defines nursing as a therapeutic, interpersonal process built on four phases (orientation, identification, exploitation, resolution) and six dynamic nursing roles.

Orientation Phase

The get-acquainted phase of the nurse-patient relationship where professional parameters, boundaries, and early trust are established.

Identification Phase

The phase where the client begins to identify problems to be worked on, and the nurse helps the patient recognize their participation role and responsibility.

Exploitation / Working Phase

The phase where trust in the nurse reaches its full potential, the client makes full use of nursing services, and problem interventions are performed.

Resolution Phase

The final phase of the nurse-patient relationship involving mutual termination of the relationship as client needs are met.

Stranger Role

A Peplau nursing role where the nurse receives the client in the same manner as meeting a stranger, establishing an accepting climate that builds trust.

Surrogate Role

A Peplau nursing role where the nurse helps clients clarify domains of dependence, interdependence, and independence on the client's behalf.

Self Care (Orem)

The practice of activities that maturing and mature persons initiate and perform on their own behalf to maintain life, health, and well-being.

Dependent Care

Care provided to a person who is unable to perform necessary self-care.

Self Care Deficit

A term expressing the relationship between action capabilities and demands for care when an individual's self-care agency is not adequate.

Therapeutic Self Care Demand

The summation of care measures needed at specific times or over a duration to meet all of an individual's known self-care requisites.

Self Care Agency

The complex acquired ability of mature and maturing persons to meet continuing requirements for deliberate and purposive action.

Theory of Goal Attainment

Imogene King's theory focusing on the interpersonal system and interactions between individuals to establish and achieve mutual health goals.

Betty Neuman's Systems Model

A healthcare model based on stress and the client system's reaction to stressors, composed of five interacting variables (physiological, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, spiritual).

Normal Line of Defense

The dynamic outer solid circle in Neuman's model that acts in coordination with the normal wellness state and can expand or contract over time.

Flexible Line of Defense

The outer broken ring in Neuman's model that serves as the first line of protection or boundary for the client system.

Lines of Resistance

A series of broken rings surrounding the basic core structure in Neuman's model that act when the normal line of defense is invaded by stressors.

Intrapersonal Stressors

Forces producing tension that occur within the person, such as emotions and feelings.

Interpersonal Stressors

Forces producing tension that occur between individuals, such as role expectations.

Extrapersonal Stressors

Forces producing tension that occur outside the individual, such as job or financial pressures.

Primary Prevention (Neuman)

Intervention occurring before the system reacts to a stressor to strengthen the client's lines of defense.

Secondary Prevention (Neuman)

Intervention occurring after the system reacts to a stressor, focusing on strengthening internal lines of resistance to protect the central core.

Tertiary Prevention (Neuman)

Intervention occurring after secondary treatment to readapt, maintain stability, or add energy back into the client system.

21 Nursing Problems Theory

Faye Abdellah's theory developed to shift nursing practice from a disease-centered approach to a patient-centered approach.

Overt Problem

An apparent or obvious condition faced by a client or family.

Covert Problem

A concealed or hidden condition faced by a client or family.

Care, Core, Cure Theory

Lydia Hall's theory dividing nursing into three interrelated domains: Care (nurturing body), Core (patient's goals/person), and Cure (medical treatment/illness).

Human to Human Relationship Theory

Joyce Travelbee's model emphasizing humanistic connection, ministering to the whole person, and helping patients find meaning in illness and suffering.

Subjective Health

An individually defined state of well-being.

Objective Health

The absence of discernible disease or disability as measured by physical examination or psychological testing.

Rapport (Travelbee)

Interventions and nursing behaviors that lessen patient suffering through established trust and confidence.

Nursing Process Theory (Orlando)

Ida Jean Orlando's theory emphasizing patient behavior, nurse reaction, and validation of immediate patient needs for help.

Automatic Actions

Nursing actions decided upon for reasons other than meeting the patient's immediate need.

Deliberative Actions

Nursing actions designed to ascertain and explicitly meet the patient's immediate need.

Roy Adaptation Model

Callista Roy's theory viewing the patient as an adaptive system responding to focal, contextual, and residual stimuli across four adaptive modes.

Focal Stimulus

The primary stimulus that immediately attracts the most attention in Roy's Adaptation Model.

Regulator Subsystem

A coping mechanism category in Roy's model operating through neural, chemical, and endocrine processes.

Cognator Subsystem

A coping mechanism category in Roy's model operating through cognitive-emotive processes.

Theory of Health as Expanding Consciousness

Margaret Newman's theory proposing that health is an expanding pattern of consciousness regardless of physical disease or disability.

Pattern Recognition (Newman)

Insight or recognition of a principle, realization of truth, or reconciliation of duality in person-environment interactions.

Virginia Henderson's Need Theory

Defines nursing as assisting individuals to perform 14 fundamental needs essential for health, recovery, or peaceful death until they can do so independently.

Theory of Human Becoming

Rosemarie Rizzo Parse's theory posits quality of life from each person's perspective as the goal of nursing practice, grounded in meaning, rhythmicity, and transcendence.

Illimitability

A postulate of Parse's theory representing the indivisible, unpredictable, and ever-changing nature of human becoming.

Health Promotion Model

Nola Pender's model outlining major determinants of health behaviors to assist nurses in counseling patients toward healthy lifestyles.

Perceived Self-Efficacy

An individual's judgment of their personal capability to organize and execute a health-promoting behavior.

Behavioral System Model

Dorothy Johnson's model advocating the maintenance or restoration of balance across seven behavioral subsystems in a patient.

Transcultural Nursing Theory

Madeleine Leininger's theory focusing on cultural care diversity and universality to deliver culturally congruent healthcare.

Emic Care

The local, indigenous, or insider's cultural knowledge and view of care and health practices.

Etic Care

The outsider's or stranger's view of cultural healthcare phenomena.

Culturally Congruent Care

Care that fits with and respects client cultural values, beliefs, and lifeways to maintain health or recover from illness.