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limited government
belief that government is not all powerful; government only has those powers given to it
popular sovereignty
the people are the source of the government’s authority
federalist 51
James Madison argues that the government under the new constitution will not become too powerful because the separation of powers will keep each branch in check
federalist 10
Talks about factions: Madison said there are two ways to deal with factions: eliminate them completely by removing their causes or limit their impacts by controlling their effects. Madison believed the second was possible under the new constitution.
Article 1
legislative branch
article 2
executive branch
article 3
judicial branch
article 4
intergovernmental relationships
article 5
amendment process
article 6
supremacy of the constitution: supremacy clause
article 7
ratification process
amendment 1
grants freedom of religion, speech, press, assemby, and petition
amendment 2
ensures the right to keep and bear arms
amendment 3
the quartering of troops
amendment 4
regulates search, seizure, and warrants
amendment 5
addresses protections against self-incrimination, guarantees of due process, eminent domain, and grand jury indictment for capital crimes
amendment 6
guarantees rights to a speedy and public trial and the right to an attorney
amendment 7
preserves the right to a jury trial in civil cases
amendment 8
ensures no excessive bails or fines, and covers cruel and unusual punishment
amendment 9
cites unenumerated rights of the people
amendment 10
reserves powers of the states and the people
amendment 11
restricts laws against the states
amendment 12
provides for election of the president and vice-president by separate ballot in electoral college
amendment 13
abolishes slavery
amendment 14
guarantees rights of citizenship, due process, and equal protection
amendment 15
guarantees citizens the right to vote regardless of race, color, and previous servitude
amendment 16
authorizes income tax
amendment 17
establishes direct election of senators by popular vote
amendment 18
prohibits intoxicating liquors
amendment 19
women’s right to vote
amendment 20
sets terms and sessions of executive and legislative branches: “lame duck”
amendment 21
repeals prohibition (19th amendment)
amendment 22
limits presidential terms of office
amendment 23
allows for voting rights in district of Columbia in presidential election
amendment 24
abolishes poll taxes
amendment 25
addresses presidential succession, disability, and vice- presidential vacancies
amendment 26
gives 18 year olds the right to vote
amendment 27
addresses congressional pay
commerce clause
gives congress the power to regulate with foreign nations, among several states and Indian Tribes
Necessary and proper clause
congress has to power to make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers
supremacy clause
states that the constitution , its laws and treaties shall be the “supreme law of the land”
dual federalism
layered cake
cooperative federalism
marble cake
block grants
general grants that can be used for anything in a specific category
categorical grants
grants that have a specific purpose defined by law
mandates
requirements that impact state and local government by the federal government such as the disabilities act, which usually doesn’t come with funding from the federal government
Which topic does Maryland V. McCulloh and Gibbons v. Ogden
Supremacy clause
Rational voting
voting based on what voters perceive to be their own best interest
Retrospective voting
voting based on past performance of a candidate
prospective voting
voting based on how the voters believe the candidate will perform
closed primaries
must be affiliated with the party canidate they want to vote for
open primaries
don’t have to be in a party but pick sides in the booth
incumbency
is the tendency for those who are already elected to be re-elected
standing committee
is a permanent committee that deals with specific policy matters
select committee
a temporary committee created for a certain issue
joint committee
Is made up of both members of both houses of congress
conference committee
is a temporary committee of members from both houses of congress, created to resolve the differences in house and senate versions of a bill.
member of congress: delegate
votes how they think the people who appointed them would want them to vote
member of congress: trustee
vote based on their own opinions
member of congress: politico
members vote based on party loyalty
enumerated powers of congress
enacting legislation, coining money, passing the federal budget, raising revenue, declaring war, raising and maintaining armed forces
implied powers of congress
necessary and proper clause
how a bill becomes a law
go over it
Filibuster
An attempt to stall the voting of a bill
Cloture
The way to end a filibuster requires 60 votes from senators
Logrolling
Away to attempt to get a build to pass senators say I will vote for your bill if you vote for mine
Riders
Random additions to a bill that do not match the rest of the bill often called a Christmas tree bill
Federalist 70
Hamilton calls for a strong executive leader
formal qualifications to be president
35, natural-born citizen, resident of us 14 years prior to election
Formal powers of the president
Faithfully execute the laws veto commander in chief appoint ambassadors the approval of the Senate the power of pardons state of the Union
Informal powers of the president
Executive orders executive agreements on bills signing statements crisis manager leader of the free world party leader