Anatomy Assignment 1

anatomy

study of structure of organism

physiology

science of the function of living organisms

descriptive anatomy

knowledge of individual parts and systems of the body

pathological anatomy

knowledge of anatomy for diagnosis and treatment of disorders

developmental anatomy

development of an organism from conception to adulthood

sagittal plane

divides body into left and right

sagittal plane

What is the blue?

coronal plane

divides the body into anterior and posterior planes

coronal plane

What is the pink?

transverse plane

divides body into superior and inferior parts

transverse plane

What is the purple?

medial

toward the axis or midline

lateral

toward the side

central

pertaining to the center

dorsal

Away from the belly and toward the backbone

ventral

Away from the back bone and toward the belly

rostral

Toward the head

caudal

Away from the head

Proximal

Nearest to the point of reference

Distal

Away from the point of reference

sagittal

What is green?

coronal

What is blue?

transverse

What is red?

Rostral

Front of the brain

Caudal

Back of the brain

Dorsal

Top of the brain

Ventral

Bottom of the brain

Adduct

To close or bring together

Abduct

To open

Adduction

This is an example of

Abduction

This is an example of

Afferent

Gather and carry info toward CNS

Efferent

Carry info away from CNS

Ipsilateral

On the same side

Contralateral

On the opposite side

Cells

The body's fundamental unit of structure and function

Membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus

What are the 3 main parts of the cell?

Tissue

A colony of cells that are similar in structure and function

Epithelial tissue

Protective lining for surface of the body

Connective tissue

Binds structures together in the body

Matrix

Intercellular material that predominately makes up connective tissue

Epithelial tissue

Which type of tissue is characterized by a lack of matrix?

Bone

What is the hardest type of connective tissue?

Compact bone

What type of bone has a lamellar or sheet-like structure?

Spongy bone

What type of bone has porous, widely spaced cells?

Compact bone

Spongy bone

Plasma

What forms the matrix in blood?

Red and white blood cells

What is suspended in plasma?

It can contract

What is special about muscle tissue?

Striated muscle tissue

What type of tissue can move skeletal structures?

Smooth muscle tissue

What kind of tissue makes the digestive track and blood vessels?

Cardiac muscle tissue

What type of tissue contains striated cells interconnected in a net-like fashion?

Striated muscle tissue

A

Smooth muscle tissue

B

Cardiac tissue

C

Epithelial tissue

Connective tissue

Muscle tissue

Nervous tissue

Striated, smooth, cardiac

What are the 3 types of muscle tissue?

Functional unity

Muscles are a bound group of muscle fibers with what?

Tendon

What attaches muscles to skeletal structure?

Contraction

Muscles exert force by

Expansion

Muscles relax by

Origin

The bone a muscle is attached to that does not move

Insertion

The place on a bone that muscle attaches to and moves

Origin

Tendons

Insertion

Innervation

The supply of nerves to a specific part of the body

Agonists

Muscles that move a structure

Antagonists

Muscles that can hold a body part in a specific way

Synergists

Agonist and antagonist muscles that work together to stabilize a structure

Motor unit

An efferent nerve fiber and the muscle fibers to which it attaches

Dendrites

Axon

Myelin sheath

Muscle fiber

Nervous tissue

What kind of tissue transmits info?

Organ

What is a collection of tissue serving a common function?

Respiratory, phonatory, articulatory

What are the systems of speech?

Sense, analyze, respond

What are the functions of the nervous system?

Soma, dendrites, axon

What are the 3 structures of neurons?

Soma

What is a neuron's cell body?

Dendrite

What part of the neuron receives info?

Axon

What part of the neuron sends output to other neurons?

Dendrites

Soma

Axon

Myelin sheath

End buttons

Action potential

Neuronal communication via electrical impulses

Depolarization

An increase in neuronal membrane potential, which causes an electrical impulse to travel along the neuron

repolarization

A decrease in neuronal membrane potentials, which brings the cell back to a resting state

Depolarization

repolarization

Synaptic cleft

Excitation

Neuronal stimulation that causes increased activity

Inhibition

Neuronal stimulation that causes decreased activity