PCOG | Enzymes

Hydrolases

• Adding or removing of water

Hydrases

Catalyzing reactions by incorporating water.

Oxidases

Adding molecular oxygen

Dehydrogenases

Removal of oxygen

Transferases

Causing an exchange of radicals

Amylolytic Enzymes or Carbohydrates | Invertase or Sucrase

Found in yeast and in the intestinal juices

Amylolytic Enzymes or Carbohydrates | Maltase

Causes the conversion of maltose to 2 glucose

Amylolytic Enzymes or Carbohydrates | Zymase

Is a fermenting enzymes causing the conversion of monosaccharide (glucose, fructose) into alcohol and COz.

Amylolytic Enzymes or Carbohydrates | Emulsin

An enzyme found in almonds. It causes the hydrolysis of B-glycosides.

Amylolytic Enzymes or Carbohydrates | Myrosin

Found in white and black mustard, it hydrolyses sinalbin and sinigrin as well as other glycosides.

The Sterases | Steapsin

A lipolytic enzyme capable of digesting dietary fat.

The Sterases | Urease

Obtained from soybeans and is used as a laboratory reagent for converting Urea to Ammonia.

The Proteolytic Enzymes | Pepsin

A proteolytic enzyme found in the gastric juice. It converts protein into proteoses and peptones.

The Proteolytic Enzymes | Trypsin

Formed when the proenzyme trypsinogen is acted upon by the entero-kinase of the intestinal juices. It converts proteoses and peptones into polypeptides and amino acids.

The Oxidizing Enzymes | Peroxidases

Bring about the oxidation reactions which cause the discoloration of fruits upon bruising.

The Oxidizing Enzymes | Thrombin

Converts the fibrinogen of the circulating blood into the insoluble fibrin of the blood clot.

The Oxidizing Enzymes | Zymase

An oxidizing enzyme splitting monosaccharide by oxidation.

Pepsin

• Is obtained from the glandular layer of the fresh stomach of the hog, Sus scrofa (Fam. Suidae).

• Use: To assist gastric digestion

• Products: Lactated Pepsin Elixir

Pancreatin

• Is a substances containing 3 enzymes: Amylopsin (Amylase), Trypsin, and Streapsin (Lipase) obtained from the pancreas of the hog, Sus scrofa (Fam. Suidae) or of the Ox. Bos taurus Linne (Fam Bovidae).

• Use: Digestive enzyme and infants with celiac disease and related pancreatic deficiencies.

• Products: Entozyme. Enzypar

Renin

• Is the partially purified milk curding enzyme obtained from the glandular layer of the stomach of the calf, Bos taurus Linne (Fam. Bovidae).

• Uses: To coagulate milk for the manufacture of cheese and

  digestant for convalescents.

• Products: Pepsin and Renin Elixir

Papain

• Is the dried and purified latex of the fruit of Carica papaya Linne (Fam. Caricaceae).

• Constituents:

  • Peptidase I capable of converting proteins into dipeptides and polypeptides.

  • Renninlike coagulating enzyme acting on the casein of milk.

  • Amylolytic enzyme, a clotting enzyme similar to pectase.

  • Enzyme having a feeble activity on fats.

• Products: Caroid and Papase

• Uses: Digestant for proteins, As mucosolvent because of its liquefying effects on excessive mucus in the mouth & stomach.

Ficin

• A proteolytic enzyme occurring in the latex of tropical trees of the Genus ficus (F. Laurifolia and F. Glabrata) (Fam. Moraceae).

• Uses: Ascaricide and Trichuriasis, Protein digestant, Meat tenderizer.

Bromelain

• Bromelin is a protein digesting and milk clotting enzyme obtained from the juice of the pineapple plant, Ananas sativus Linne (Fam. Bromeliaceae).

• Note: It differs from papain since it is obtained from both the mpe and unripe fruits.

• Uses: To reduce inflammation and edema, To accelerate tissue repair, Employed in the production of protein, Hydrolysates in tenderizing meats, Leather Industry

• Products: Ananase

Trypsin

• Is a proteolytic enzyme crystallized from an extract of the pancreas gland of the ox, Bos taurus Linne (Fam. Bovidae).

• Uses: Tropical or local injection for debridement of necrotic and pyogenic surface lesions - a cleaning agent.

• Products: Parenzyme, Trypar

Chymotrypsin

• Is a proteolytic enzyme crystallized from an extract of the pancreas gland of the ox, Bos taurus (Fam. Bovidae).

• Uses: Administered orally (IM or topically to hasten the resolution of inflammation and inflammatory edema), Accelerates healing & recovery from trauma.

• Products: Avizyme, Chymotest, & Enzeon

Hyaluronidase

• Is a dry, soluble, enzyme product from mammalian testes & capable of hydrolyzing mucoplysaccharides of the type of hyaluronic acid.

• Uses: Spreading agent (it is capable of depolymerizing and catalyzing hyaluronic acid and hexosamine-entg polysaccharide).

• Products: Alidase, Myozyme, Wydase

Streptokinase and Streptodornase

• Are two enzymes elaborated by hemolytic streptococci as applied wherever clotted blood, fibrinous or purulent accumulations are present following injury to the tissues.

• Uses: Streptokinase breaks down fibrin,

  Streptokinadase affects desoxyribonucleic acid and desoxyribonuceloprotein which are chief constituents of pus and necrotic tissue.

• Products: Varidase

Fibronylysin

• Is a protease present in the blood serum and plasma as the inactive precursor, profibrinolysin (or plasminogen), extracted from bovine sources.

• Use: It is capable of attacking the protein portions of dead tissues, exudates and blood clots found in wounds, ulcers and burns.

• Products: Thrombolysis Lyovac

Deoxyribonuclease

• A nucleolytic enzyme which is obtained in a highly purified from pancreatic glands of bovine origin.

• Uses: It is capable of catalyzing the giant molecules of deoxyribonucleic acid into polynucleotides.

• Products: Doravac

Penicillinase

• Refers to bacterial enzymes elaborated by a no. of strains of bacteria, among which are Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus anthracis and Staphylococei.

• Uses: It offers protection and relief to patients who develop an allergic response during treatment with penicillin.

• Products: Neutrapen