The Periodic Table GCSE Combined Science Chemistry Edexcel Higher.

Mendeleev’s arrangement of the periodic table and groups.

How did Mendeleev arrange the elements of the periodic table?

Mendeleev arranged the elements in order of increasing relative atomic mass.

What did Mendeleev do next?

Left gaps for future discoveries.

Switched the order of a few elements to keep the group consistent.

In the Morden periodic table how are the elements arranged?

The element are arranged according to their atomic number.

In the periodic table the elements are arranged into what?

Rows called periods, in order of increasing atomic number.

Vertical columns called groups, where the elements have similar properties.

Where is metal in the periodic table?

Left hand side of the periodic table.

Where is non-metal found in the periodic table?

Right hand side of the periodic table.

How many electrons should are there in the first shell?

2 electrons.

How many electrons are in the second shell?

8 electrons.

How many electrons are in the third shell?

8 electrons.

What is group 0 called?

The noble gases.

Where do the noble gases exist as?

Single atoms.

Where is group 0 on the periodic table?

Group 0 is on the right hand side of the periodic table and it is a non-metal.

Does the noble gases have a high melting and boiling point or a low melting and boiling point?

They have a low melting point and boiling point.

Why do the noble gases have a low boiling point?

Helium at the top of the group 0, has the lowest point of any element.

The attractive forces between the atoms become stronger.

This is because going down group 0:

The atoms become larger.

The intermolecular forces between the atoms becomes stronger.

More energy is needed to overcome these forces.

Why are the noble gases inert?

They are extremely interactive and they do not take part in chemical reactions.

Why do the noble gases not have to lose or gain electrons?

They already have a full outer electron shell and this is why they are unreactive.

What is helium used in?

Used in balloons and airships due to it’s low density, making it lighter in air.

Non-flammable so it cannot set on fire.

What is Neon used in?

Utilized in advertising signs as neon lights grow a reddish-orange colour when electricity is passed through it.

What is argon used in?

Used as a shield gas when wielding pieces of metals together.

It is denser than air, so stops air getting to the metal.

Inert, so the hot metal cannot oxidise and spoil the wield.

What is krypton used in?

Used in energy-saving fluorescent lights and lasers.

What is Xenon used in?

Used in balloons and airships due to it’s low density making it lighter in air.

What are the elements in group 1 called?

Alkali metals.

What is the physical properties of alkali metals?

Are soft (can be cut with a knife)

Have relatively low melting points.

Have low densities.

What is the density of a substance?

The density of a substance is it’s mass per unit volume.

Why do the noble gases have low densities?

The particles in gases are widely spaced out so they have low densities.

What is the chemical properties of the alkali metals?

All have 1 electron to their outer shell.

Have similar chemical properties.

Do the reactions of group 1 increase going down the group?

The reaction increases going down the group because as you go down the group the metals get more reactive.

What is happening to Lithium when it is added to water?

It fizzes steadily.

It slowly becomes smaller until it disappears.

What is happening to sodium when it is added in water?

It melts to form a ball.

Fizzes rapidly.

Quickly becomes smaller until it disappears.

What is happening to Potassium when it is added in water?

Quickly melts to form a ball.

Burn violently with a lilac flame.

Disappears rapidly.

Small explosion.

Why does the reactivity of group 1 increases as you go down the group?

The atoms become larger.

The outer electrons becomes further away from the nucleus.

The force of attraction between the nucleus and the outer electron decreases.

The outer electrons becomes further is lost more easily.

What is group 7 called?

The halogens.

Where is group 7 of the periodic table?

Right hand side of the periodic table.

Is group 7 a metal or a non-metal?

Group 7 is a non-metal.

What do the halogens exist as?

Simple molecules.

What is the state and colour of chlorine?

Pale green.

Gas.

What is the state and colour of bromine?

Brown.

Liquid.

What is the state and colour of bromine?

Purple-black.

Solid.

Why do the melting points and boiling points increase going down group 7?

The molecules become larger.

The intermolecular forces becomes further away stronger.

More energy is needed to overcome these forces.

What happening to fluorine during the reaction with metal?

Cold iron burns to produce white iron fluoride.

What happening to chlorine during the reaction with metal?

Hot iron burn vigorously to produce orange-brown iron chloride.

What is happening to bromine during the reaction with metal?

Hit iron wool burns quickly to produce red-brown iron bromide.

What is happening to iodine during the reaction with metal?

Hot iron reacts slowly in iodine vapour to produce grey iron iodide.

What is seen when fluorine reacts with hydrogen?

Explodes in cold and dark forming hydrogen flouride.

What is seen when chlorine reacts with hydrogen?

Explodes with a flame or in sunlight, forming hydrogen chloride.

What is seen when bromine reacts with hydrogen?

Vigorous reaction with burning hydrogen, forming hydrogen bromide.

What is seen when iodine reacts with hydrogen?

Very slowly reaction when heated strongly, forming some hydrogen iodide.

What is a displacement reaction?

A displacement reaction is when a more reaction element takes the place of a less reactive element in a compound.

What happens when you go down group 7?

The atoms become larger.

The outer shell becomes further away from the nucleus.

The force attraction between the nucleus and the outer shell decreases.

An outer electrons becomes further is gained less easily.

The halogen becomes less reactive.

What is chlorine used for?

Used as a disinfectant in drinking water, swimming pools, bleach productions and in insecticides.

What is bromine used for?

Utilized in flame retardant and in the production of brominated compounds.

What is iodine used for?

Used as an antiseptic.

What is fluorine used in?

Used in toothpaste, drinking water to reduce tooth decay in young children.