Physics: Momentum, Energy, and Collisions Key Concepts and Formulas

What is the formula for momentum?

P = mv

How is impulse calculated?

Impulse J = (m * vp) - (m * v1)

What does the law of conservation of momentum state?

The total amount of momentum in a closed system cannot change.

What is the formula for kinetic energy?

KE = 1/2 mv²

What is the formula for potential energy?

PE = mgh

What happens during a collision?

The total momentum before and after the collision is conserved.

What is the work formula?

W = Fd

What is potential energy?

Energy due to position.

What is kinetic energy?

Energy of motion.

What does Newton's third law state?

For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

What is the unit of energy when a force of 1 Newton moves an object 1 meter?

One Joule.

What is an inelastic collision?

A collision where objects stick together or change shape.

What is an elastic collision?

A collision where objects bounce off each other.

What is required to have momentum?

Both mass and velocity.

How does increasing height affect gravitational potential energy?

It increases the gravitational potential energy.

What happens to kinetic energy if velocity doubles?

Kinetic energy quadruples.

What happens to kinetic energy if velocity triples?

Kinetic energy increases by a factor of nine.

What occurs to potential energy and kinetic energy as a ball rises and falls?

As the ball rises, potential energy increases and kinetic energy decreases; as it falls, kinetic energy increases and potential energy decreases.

What happens to energy in a closed system?

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed.

What is the relationship between impulse and momentum?

Impulse is a type of momentum change.

What is the effect of increasing the time it takes to stop a car?

It decreases the force experienced during the stop.