muscular system

Muscular system

Formed by long slender cells called muscle fibers (myofibrils)

Grouped together by fascia(connective tissue)

Myofibrils are covered by the endomysium.

Skeletal muscle fibers

Forms the skeletal muscles

Cardiac muscle fibers

Forms the muscle of the heart giving it the ability to beat. (Myocardial muscle)

Smooth muscle fibers

Seen in organs and blood vessels

Fasciitis

Inflammation of the fascia

Fibromyalgia

Chronic condition of fatigue, weakness, and muscle, joint, and bone pain

Tendonitis

Inflammation of the tendon caused by excessive or unusual use

Chronic fatigue syndrome

Impacts the muscular.

Chronic fatigue, extreme weakness, pain in the muscles, joints and bones

Tone

Refers to the state of balance of muscle tension caused by muscle contraction and relaxation.

Atonic

Lack of muscle strength and tone

Dystonia

Abnormal muscle tone that interferes with normal muscle functions

Hypotonia

Diminishing of skeletal muscles.

Limits passive movements

Myasthenia gravis

Chronic autoimmune disease affecting neuromuscular junction where the neuron activates joint to contract.

Causes the voluntary muscle to be weak, drooping eyelid, facial expression, chewing, talking, and swallowing.

Carpal tunnel syndrome

Caused when the tendons that pass through the carpal tunnel and used over time and become inflammed

Sprain

Injury to a joint

Caused by wrenching or tearing of the ligament

Strain

Injury to a muscle or attached tendons

Caused by stretching or tearing

Tendonitis

Inflammation of a specific tendon by overuse or overstretching

IT band syndrome (ITBS)

Iliotibial band runs from hip bone across the leg to the tibia

Caused by overuse when the band rubs across the bone. Pain occurs at the knee.

Shin splints

When the muscle tears away from the tibia or shin bone

Atrophy

Wearing away of the muscle fibers due to disuse

Causing weakness and fatigue

Myalgia

Muscle pain and tenderness

Myolysis

Degeneration or breakdown of muscle tissue

Polymyositis

Muscle disease which inflammation and weakening of voluntary muscle

Those affected are usually closer to the trunk or torso

Sarcopenia

Loss of muscle mass, strength, and function due to aging

Ataxia

Lack of coordination of voluntary movements.

Movement is unsteady and shaky; usually caused by dysfunction of the brain

Contracture

Permanent tightening of the fascia, muscles, tendons, ligaments or skin.

Occurs when non elastic tissue replaces elastic connective tissue

Muscle spasm

Sudden, involuntary contraction of one or more muscles

Cramp

Localized muscle spasms that is painful

Duchenne muscula dystophy

Common in children; mainly in boys ages 3-5

By age 12 they are later unable to walk and develop breathing difficulties and heart disease

Becker muscular dystrophy

Similar to Duchenne muscula dystrophy but less severe

Paralysis

Loss of both sensation and voluntary muscle movement due to damage of nerves

Myoparesis

Slight muscle paralysis

Can be caused by stroke, brain injury, or injury to spinal cord

Hemiparesis

Slight muscle paralysis occurring only on one side

Hemiplegia

Total paralysis on one side of the body

Quadriplegia

Complete paralysis of upper and lower extremities of the body

Repetitive use disorder

Muscular conditions result from repeated motions

Compartment syndrome

Compression of nerves and blood vessels

Caused by swelling within the enclosed space

Overuse injuries

Tissue injuries that do not have time to rest and heal

Overuse tendonitis

Inflammation of tendons caused by overuse of joint