chapter 3 examples

mastering the root words

acromegaly

abnormally enlarged extremities

axilla

area under the shoulder joint covered by the upper arm

blepharospasm

involuntary closure of the eyelid

brachiocephalic

from the arm to the head

buccal muscosa

the inner lining of the cheek

canthopexy

fixation or repositioning of the eyelids

capitate

largest bone in the wrist, shaped as a head

metacarpal

beyond the carpal bones

craniocaudal

direction or axis from head to tail/rear end

hydrocephalus

accumulation of fluid in the head, surrounding the brain

cervical vertebrae

vertebral bodies of the neck/cervical region

cheilitis

inflammation of the lips

cheiropompholyx

itchy vesicles occurring in groups on the hands

ciliary muscle

muscle present within the eye controlling the shape of the lens

epidermis

upper or outer layer of the skindor

dorsal aspect of wrist

posterior aspect of the wrist

brachiofacial paralysis

involvement of the face and an arm

gingivitis

inflammation of the gums

glossitis

swelling or inflammation of the tongue

macrognathia

enlargement of the tongue

lumboinguinal

pertaining to the lumbar and inguinal regions

iridocyclitis

inflammation of the iris and ciliary body

labium

lip-like appearance, often referring to the border of the vulva

laparotomy

surgical procedure conducted through an incision in the abdominal wall

unilateral hearing loss

inability to hear on one side

linguistics

the study of languages

mammogram

low energy x-rays used to screen the breasts

mastectomy

removal of one or more breasts

nasolabial fold

fold of the skin between the nose and the mouth

occipitofrontalis

muscle stretching from the occipital bone to the frontal bone

oculoplasty

surgery, often cosmetic, with relation to the eye

orthodontist

specialist managing the alignment of teeth and jaws

omphalotomy

removal of the umbilical cord after birth

onychophagy

compulsive biting of the nails

opthalmology

subspecialty of medicine studying the eye and its function

optic nerve

a nerve assisting with the vision of the eye

oral cavity

space occupied by the mouth

otitis media

inflammation of the middle ear

papilloma

benign tumor often appearing from the epithelial surface of the cell

pelvic

part of the trunk separating the abdomen from the lower extremities

phalloplasty

surgical procedure to repair or augment a penis

pilonidal cyst

an abnormal growth in the skin which contain hair and debris, often noted at the tailbone

podiatry

a speciality of medicine dedicated to the management of disorders related to the feet

rhinoplasty

surgery to reconstruct the nose

somatogenic

origin from the body, pertaining to conditions or diseases

sthetoscope

medical instrument used to listen to the internal sounds of the body

stomatitis

inflammation or soreness of the mouth

subtalar joint

joint below the ankle connecting the talus and calcaneus

tarsalgia

pain related to the back of the foot, particularly among those who have flat arches in the feet

thoracotomy

surgical procedure to enter the chest by making a opening in the ribs

trachelomyitis

inflammation of the muscle in the neck

trichologists

expert who examines the scalp and hair, not a medical speciality

ventral horn

the anterior horn of the spinal cord

acanthoma

usually benign bump within the epidermal and squamous layers of the skin

aerosinusitis

inflammation of the nasal sinuses observed among deep sea divers or those who fly to high altitudes

analgesia

medication used to provide pain relief

androgen

steroid hormone facilitating development of male characteristics

bronchitis

inflammation of the bronchus, initial part of airway passage after the trachea

bronchiolitis

inflammation of the smaller airway passages found beyond the bronchus

carcinoma

a malignancy which develops from the cells of the body

cardiology

speciality in medicine which studies and deals with disorders the heart and cvs

celluitis

inflammation of the skin and related tissue following infection

cerebellar atrophy

degradation of the cerebellum due to cancer, alcoholism or other medical conditions

cerebrovascular

referring to blood vessels and flow to the brain

cholangitis

inflammation of the bile duct and related structure which allow bile to pass

cholecystectomy

surgical procedure to remove the gallbladder

chromatogenous

production of color

colonoscopy

endoscopic visualization of the colon

colposcope

a device used to examine the vagina and cervix, primarily to detect cancerous changes

costochondral

formed between the ribs and costal cartilage

cryoablation

use of freezing techniques to degrade and destroy tissue

cryptorchidism

failure of descent of the testes into the scrotum

subcutaneous

the area immediately under the skin

cyanosis

change in the color to a bluish hue often due to an increase deoxygenated blood

cystocele

weakness in the muscle between the bladder and vagina, resulting in the bladder moving out of it

cytoplasm

material with the cell, enclosed by the cellular membrance

diplopia

seeing double, or double vision

duodenal atresia

absence or closure of a part of the duodenum

electroencephalogram

study done to evaluate the electrical activity of the brain

gastroenterology

speciality of medicine that focuses on the digestive system and related disorders or conditons

episiotomoy

incision made in the perineum and posterior vaginal wall to aid in deliver

erythrocyte

red blood cell

esophagitis

inflammation of the esophagus

fibrin

a fibrous protein involved in the development of a blood clot

galactorrhea

excess production of milk

gastritis

inflammation of the lining of the stomach

glycemia

concentration of sugar in the blood

gynecology

a medical speciality involving a woman’s reproductive system, function and diseases

hematology

speciality of medicine studying the function and disorders of the blood

hepatitis

inflammation of the liver tissue and related structures

heterogenous

of non-uniform composition or character

hyperhidrosis

excessive sweating

histology

microscopic anatomy, primarily a branch of medicine studying the structure of tissues

homogenous

of similar composition and character

hydrocephalus

fluid accumulation in the head, surrounding the brain

hysterectomy

the surgical removal of the uterus

iatrogenic

a consequence or complication that occurs directly due to treatment conducted

jujunostomy

a external opening created into the jejunum through a surgical incision

keratitis

inflammation of the cornea

laryngoscope

a medical instrument to investigate the larynx internally