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Avulsions

A painful soft tissue in which a flap of tissue is loose or pulled completely

Flap avulsion

tissue is still attached to the body

Calluses

A reaction in which the skin becomes thickened due to high friction in an area or intermittent pressure

Blisters

A buildup of fluid that collects under the skin in response to friction

Hematoma

A bad bruise, that happens when an injury causes blood is collecting/pooling under the skin

Immediate TX for avulsions

clean the area, using compression with a sterile dressing to stop bleeding. Cover the area and go to a physician for further care.

Calluses immediate TX

Stop the problem, causing friction, and file down the calluses

blisters immediate TX

clean the area, please donut pad around the blister to disperse the pressure

Hematoma, immediate TX

Ice compression and elevation

Contusion

A bruise received from sudden traumatic blows to the body, causing bleeding in the tissue that leads to discoloration at the injury site

Where can contusions occur

Any part of the body

Contusion immediate TX

Compression with ice and elevation

Muscle strain

Overstretching, or tearing of the muscles

Muscle strain immediate TX

Peace and love, compression, ROM, exercise

Peace and love

protection, elevation, avoiding anti-inflammatories, compression, education, load, optimism, vascularization, exercise

synovitis

inflammation of the synovial membrane

Bursitis

The inflammation of a bursa, and area located between a muscle or tendon

synovitis in bursitis, immediate TX

Compression and elevation

Fracture

A partial or complete break in the continuity of a bone

Causes of a fracture

Trauma, disease, repeated, stressful, motions, seizures

12 different fractures

avulsion, greenstick, impacted, longitudinal, spiral, oblique, transverse, comminuted, open, close, Salter-Harris, blowout

Avulsion fracture

A small chunk of bone attached to a tendon or ligament gets pulled away from the central part of the bone

Common places for an avulsion fracture

The base of the fifth MTP(foot) or the ASIS(anterior superior iliac spine)(hip area)

Stress fractures

bone damage or breaks caused by stress on bone surfaces by repetitive motions

Greenstick fracture

A bone that bends and cracks instead of breaking completely into separate pieces. (common in children because their bones aren't hard enough yet.)

impacted fracture

when broken ends of the bone are jabbed together by the force of an injury

Longitudinal fracture

Fractures that occur along the axis of the bone

Spiral fracture

A fracture that is caused due to a rotational or twisting force

Oblique fracture

Diagonal break; one end of the bone is fixed while the other has a torsion force applied

transverse fracture

When a bone breaks at a 90° angle, the too-long axis of the bone. Straight across.

Comminuted fracture

occurs as a result of high-velocity injuries, such as car accidents, where the bone breaks into several small pieces.

Open fracture

a bone fracture that breaks through the skin

Closed fracture

broken bone with no open wound

Salter-Harris Fracture

Who won the fourth hits, the growth plate, and around a part of the bone, but doesn't involve the bone shaft

blowout fracture

occurs when the thinnest bone within the eye compartment(orbit), buckles, or breaks from the force of an object.

TX & F/u of Fx

1) x-rays, to determine the extent of the injury


2. is cast, make sure the cast stays dry
3. continue to monitor circulation
4. watch for signs of infection
5. )F/u with a physician again to retake x-rays to determine to heal

Wound care

Apply PPE, stop the bleeding, clean the wound, determine the type of wound, clothes, if necessary, cover with dressing

cleaning wounds

use clean water/sterile, sterile gauze is the best, or non-adhesive bandage

Salter-Harris classification

S- 1, separated, growth plate.

A- 2, above the growth plate

L- 3, below the growth plate

T- 4, through the growth plate

ER- 5, ERASURE OF GROWTH PLATE

Soft tissue

Skin, muscle, tendons, ligaments, cartilage

Five signs of acute inflammation

heat, redness, swelling, pain, loss of function

Stage 1: (acute inflammatory)of soft tissue healing -

When a body part is injured, the cells in the area die, which is caused because the injury deprives the area of food/oxygen. Pathogens, leukocytes, and platelets are brought to the area because of increased blood flow. The acute stage last 0 to 3 days.

Goals for stage one of bone healing, and soft tissue healing

protect, localized, prepare for healing, and repair

stage 2: (repair/proliferation) of soft tissue healing

blood cells and chemicals repair this injured site. Fibroblast forms scars over the area. Stage two lasts six weeks to three months based on the injury. The first scar forms in this phase. Collagen (fencing,)is found in this phase as well.

Protein

The building block of healing

Stage 3: (remodeling) soft tissue healing

stress is applied to the area to build strength, and it may take a year or more to accomplish

stage 1: (acute inflammatory) of bone healing

A break and a bone—> bleeding occurs in the area—> Osteoclasts(absorb debris) —> osteoblasts(add layers to the bone). This stage takes four days. Goals for this stage: protect, localize, prepare for healing, and repair

Stage 2: (repair/proliferation) of bone healing

osteoclasts in osteoblast continue to rebuild bone. A fibrous colors form holds the boom together. This stage lasts up to one to weeks three weeks. The first scar forms in this phase collagen (fencing,) is found in this phase as well(scar tissue is made)

stage 3: (remodeling) bone healing

Calais is reabsorbed and is replaced with a fibrous matrix. Six weeks to eight weeks.