Unit 2: Foundations of American Democracy (Part 1) Key Terms

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22 Terms

1

autocracy

When one person has all the power

<p>When one person has all the power</p>
2

monarchy

A government ruled by a king or queen

<p>A government ruled by a king or queen</p>
3

dictatorship

A form of government in which the leader total has control of their lives of the people who live in their territory

<p>A form of government in which the leader total has control of their lives of the people who live in their territory</p>
4

representative democracy

a form of democracy in which people elect officials to govern

<p>a form of democracy in which people elect officials to govern</p>
5

direct democracy

a form of democracy in which the people vote on the issues

<p>a form of democracy in which the people vote on the issues</p>
6

oligarchy

A government ruled by a few powerful people

<p>A government ruled by a few powerful people</p>
7

theocracy

A government controlled by religious leaders

<p>A government controlled by religious leaders</p>
8

anarchy

no government

<p>no government</p>
9

Founders

the political leaders of the colonies

<p>the political leaders of the colonies</p>
10

natural rights

the right to life, liberty, and property

<p>the right to life, liberty, and property</p>
11

social contract

an agreement to create a government and follow its laws

<p>an agreement to create a government and follow its laws</p>
12

common good

citizens who put the community above their own interests

<p>citizens who put the community above their own interests</p>
13

checks and balances

a system that prevents branches of government from abusing power.

<p>a system that prevents branches of government from abusing power.</p>
14

Jamestown

the first permanent English settlement in North America

<p>the first permanent English settlement in North America</p>
15

John Smith

a leader in the Jamestown colony who helped to provide order

<p>a leader in the Jamestown colony who helped to provide order</p>
16

Mayflower Compact

This document established the first colonial claim for self-government in North America.

<p>This document established the first colonial claim for self-government in North America.</p>
17

mercantilism

The idea that colonies would ship resources back to the mother country. In contrast, the mother country would turn these resources into manufactured goods for purchase in the colonies.

<p>The idea that colonies would ship resources back to the mother country. In contrast, the mother country would turn these resources into manufactured goods for purchase in the colonies.</p>
18

Thomas Hobbes

This philosopher believed that people were naturally greedy, selfish, and cruel.

<p>This philosopher believed that people were naturally greedy, selfish, and cruel.</p>
19

John Locke

This philosopher believed that people are born naturally good and are born with natural rights.

<p>This philosopher believed that people are born naturally good and are born with natural rights.</p>
20

Voltaire

This philosopher believed in the importance of freedom - freedom of thought, freedom of religion, and freedom of speech.

<p>This philosopher believed in the importance of freedom - freedom of thought, freedom of religion, and freedom of speech.</p>
21

Charles de Montesquieu

This philosopher argued for the separation of powers so no one person or branch would have too much power.

<p>This philosopher argued for the separation of powers so no one person or branch would have too much power.</p>
22

separation of powers

the division of power among different branches of government

<p>the division of power among different branches of government</p>