Cell cycle and mitosis

metastasis

The spread of cancer cells beyond their original site

radiation therapy

treatment of cancer with a radioactive substance, x-ray, or radiation

chemotherapy

treatment of cancer with drugs

cell cycle

a continuous cycle of cell growth and division

interphase

contains G1, S, and G2 phases; when a cell is carrying out it's normal functions, growing, and DNA is replicated.

prophase

phase in which the nucleus dissolves and spindles form; first time chromosomes are visible

metaphase

phase in which chromosomes line up along the middle of the cell; centromere attached to spindle

anaphase

phase in which sister chromatids are separated and moved to opposite ends of the cell

telophase

phase in which two nuclear envelopes form around chromosomes and spindles dissolve

cytokinesis

separation of the cytoplasm forming two new daughter cells original to the parent cell

mitosis

the phases of cell division (PMAT) in which the nucleus is divided into two identical nuclei

chromosome

tightly coiled packages of DNA; humans contain 46

sister chromatid

identical copies of a chromosome; made during S-phase of interphase by DNA replication

cyclins

proteins that regulate the cell cycle

apoptosis

programmed cell death

cancer

disorder in which body cells lose the ability to control cell growth

tumor

mass of cancer cells

spindle fibers

cytoskeleton proteins that divide sister chromatids during cell division

centrioles

organelle that produces spindle fibers during cell division

G1

part of interphase; cell is growing and performing normal cell function

S-phase

part of interphase; synthesis (replication) of DNA occurs

G2

part of interphase; organelles are copied, cell continues to grow

Centromere

Area where the sister chromatids are attached

surgery

when a doctor cuts your body open and removes a cancerous mass or tumor

sexual reproduction

A reproductive process that involves two parents that combine their genetic material to produce a new organism, which differs from both parents

asexual reproduction

A reproductive process that involves only one parent and produces offspring that are identical to the parent.

Number of chromosomes in humans

23 pairs

Interphase (2)

Cell grows, performs its normal functions, and prepares for division; consists of G1, S, and G2 phases

Prophase (2)

Chromosomes become visable, nuclear envelop dissolves, spindle forms

Metaphase (2)

Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell

Anaphase (2)

Phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell

Telophase (2)

phase of mitosis in which the distinct individual chromosomes begin to spread out into a tangle of chromatin

Cytokinesis (2)

division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells