CEA

Turing Model

The concept that a Turing machine can solve any computable problem given the correct program.

Programmability

The ability to allow different outputs from the same input by changing the program.

Von Neumann Model

Architecture where both data and instructions are stored in memory.

First Generation Computer

Based on vacuum tubes, characterized by being large, costly, and unreliable.

Second Generation Computer

Utilized transistors, more reliable than the first generation and supported high-level programming languages.

RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer)

Processor architecture that uses a small instruction set for greater efficiency.

CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computer)

Processor architecture that has a larger instruction set and complex instructions.

Amdahl's Law

A principle that shows the theoretical speedup achievable through parallelization.

DMA (Direct Memory Access)

A method that allows I/O devices to directly transfer data to/from memory without CPU intervention.

Cache Coherence

Ensuring data consistency between caches in a multiprocessor architecture.