Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome Lecture Notes

Vocabulary flashcards reviewing key terms, institutions, figures, and societal concepts from Ancient Greek and Roman history based on lecture notes.

Helotene

The original peasant population on the Peloponnese peninsula who were used almost as slaves by the Spartans, working on land estates without being private property.

Spartan Oligarchy

Sparta's form of government where ordinary citizens lacked direct political influence and primary focus was placed on military discipline, contrasting with Athenian direct democracy.

Det deliske sjøforbundet

The naval alliance led by Athens among ancient Greek city-states.

Det peloponnesiske forbundet

The mainland alliance led by Sparta among ancient Greek city-states.

Aleksander den store

The ruler who focused on uniting cultures in conquered territories and arranged marriages between his soldiers and local women.

Hellenismen

The cultural era that continued after the death of Alexander the Great, following the division of his empire among three of his generals.

Stenderkampene

The conflict in the early Roman Republic between the wealthy patricians and the majority plebeians over political rights and influence.

Patrisierne

The wealthiest class in the early Roman Republic who sought to retain political rights and influence exclusively for themselves.

Plebeierne

The majority population in Rome who threatened to leave the city to gain political rights, eventually establishing their own assembly and electing officials.

Folketribuner

Officials elected by the plebeians' assembly to protect plebeian interests against patrician power.

Senatet

The advisory assembly in Rome composed of representatives from the wealthiest families, which debated and decided most major issues.

Patron-klient-systemet

A system in Rome where a wealthy patron provided food or protection to a client in return for favors, enabling the wealthy to purchase votes.

Pater familias

The supreme male head of a Roman family who held judicial authority over family members, owned all family property, and conducted religious ceremonies.

Velta

The Roman goddess whose priestesses held an honorable religious assignment reserved for Roman women.

Roman Citizenship Strategy

The Roman practice of granting varying degrees of citizenship to conquered groups in exchange for soldiers, integrating them into the Roman community.

Cæsar

The Roman leader who declared himself sole ruler for life in 44 BC and was subsequently murdered by a group of senators.

Oktavian (Augustus)

Julius Caesar's adopted son who won the power struggle following Caesar's death and received the honorific title Augustus.

Pax romana

A long period of peace across the Roman Empire initiated by Octavian (Augustus).

Stattholdere

Roman provincial governors appointed to maintain peace, order, and ensure tax revenues were collected for Rome.

Hunerne

The warrior group that invaded Europe and pushed other peoples toward Roman borders, contributing to the decline of the Western Roman Empire.

Gods

Large rural land estates established by Roman citizens fleeing economic pressure and insecurity in cities, leading to a decline in trade and urban life.

Bysants

The Eastern Roman Empire that survived by resisting external pressure, implementing land reforms for a loyal army of free farmer-soldiers, and using a strong bureaucracy.