memory test

memory

memory

the persistance of learning over time through the storage and retreival of information

semantic memory

memory that encodes meaning, including words

implicit memory

procedural memory includcing consious recollection and cerrebellum (skills, motor, cognitive)

maintenance rehearsal

straight repeating information to memorize it in shallow memory

mneumonics

memory enhancing devices such as songs, rhymes, and imagery

retrieval

the process of getting information out of memory storage

short term memory

activated memory that holds a few items briefly before information is stored or forgotten

iconic memory

our fleeting photographic memory (sperling)

primacy effect

an individual's tendency to better remember the first piece of information they encounter than the information they receive later on

chunking

orangizing items into familar, manageable groups, often occurs automatically

hippocampus

a neural center that is located in the limbic system and helps store and process expicit memory

infantile amnesia

the absence of memories that occur before the age of 2

retrograde amnesia

amnesia where you can't recall memories that were formed before the event that caused the amnesia

clive wearing

a man with anterrograde amnesia who had a virus and then lost his memory, only has a 7 seconds memory and beleives he has never had a thought in his life

state dependant memory

acquired information in the effect of a specific drug and/or situation may only be remembered if the organism is in a similar situation where the information was acquired

proactive interference

when previously learned information interfers with new information trying to be learned (learning new phone number when you already know old one)

hippocampus

a neural center that is located in the limbic system and helps store and process explicit memory

long term potentation

a process by which synaptic connections between neurons become stronger with frequent activation (spread out studying)

repression

psychoanalytic theory that there is a basic defense mechagnism that banishes from consiousness (anxiety, arousing thoughts, feelings, memories)

source amnesia

attributing the wrong source to an event we have heard about, read about, or imagined

hierarchal organization

putting things that are more important to you on top of the pyramid

memory (re)construction

(loftus) filling in the gaps with plausible guesses and assumptions because imagining can create false memories

automatic processing

incedental information that happend to be recorded

retrieval failure

where the information is in long term memory, but cannot be accessed

serial position effect

(ebinghouse) our tendancy to remember things that come first and last

self reference effect

the tendency for people to better remember information when it has been encoded in reference to the self

selective attention

the process of focusing resources on specific aspects of all input

divided attention

limitations of performing more than one information-processing task simultaneously

flashbulb memory

a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event

episodic memory

includes information from recent and past experiances (where you parked your car or the dinner you had with a friend last month)

explicit memory

declaritive memory, facts and experiances one can consiously declare (hippocampus)

encoding (and types)

semantic (meaning), acoustic (sound), visual (pistures)

elaborative rehearsal

an encoding strategy to facilitate the formation of memory by linking new information to what one already knows

storage

the retention of encoded information over time

sensory memory

the immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system

long term memory

the relatively limitless and permanent storehouse for memory system (knowlage, skills, experiance)

echoic memory

sensory memory for auditory stimuli

recency effect

a cognitive bias in which those items, ideas, or arguments that came last are remembered more clearly than those that came first

interference

the blocking of learning or of memory retrieval by the learning or remembering of other conflicting material

decay

a theory that proposes that memory fades due to the mere passage of time

anterograde amnesia

(clive wearing) a type of memory loss that occurs when you can't form new memories

schemas

a cognitive framework or concept that helps organize and interpret information

context dependant memory

improved recall of specific episodes or information when contextual cues relating to the environment are the same during encoding and retrieval

retroactive interference

the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of information

recall

a measure of memory in which a person must retreive information

mood congruent memory

the tendency to recall events that are congruent with one’s current good or bad mood

misinformation effect

incorporating misleading information into one’s memory of an event

working memory

the small amount of information that can be held in mind and used in the execution of cognitive tasks

metacognition

thinking about one's thinking

priming

the activation, usually unconsiously, of particular associations in memory

next in line effect

the cognitive bias that causes a person to have lower recall for events that happened right before or after a performance

prospective memory

the memory for intentions, enables us to remember to carry out an action that has been planned for a predefined time in the future

retrospective memory

the memory of people, words, and events encountered or experienced in the past

tip of the tongue phenomenon

a state in which one cannot quite recall a familiar word but can recall words of similar form and meaning

cued recall

the retrieval of memory with the help of prompting

deep processing

a type of processing including semantic, personal, link to prior knowlage, alaborative rehearsal

shallow processing

a type of processing that is on the surface, when you cram or maitnence rehearsal

method of loci

envisioning a location or physical space that you are extremely familiar with to attach the terms and information you are memorizing to various locations/spots within that place

consolidation

getting information from your short term memory to your long term memory