Chapter_6-METABOLISM

Flashcards for BIO181 Exam 2 Study Guide Chapter 6_Metabolism

Catabolism

The process of breaking down molecules into smaller ones. Releases energy.

Anabolism

The process of building larger molecules from smaller ones. Requires energy.

Exergonic Reaction

Reaction that releases energy and is spontaneous.

Endergonic Reaction

Reaction that absorbs energy from the surroundings and is non-spontaneous.

Energy

Capacity to do work.

Molecule that carries energy in the cell

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate).

Source of energy to recharge ATP

From food, via catabolic reactions.

Enzymes

Biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy.

Active Site

The part of an enzyme where the substrate binds.

Substrate

The substance on which an enzyme acts.

Catalyst

Speeds up the chemical reaction.

Feedback Inhibition

A regulatory mechanism where the end product of a metabolic pathway inhibits an earlier step in the pathway.

Activation Energy

The energy required to start a chemical reaction.

Environmental factors affecting enzyme activity

Temperature, pH, salt concentration, and specific chemicals.

Exergonic Reactions Characteristics

Releases energy, spontaneous, catabolism.

Endergonic Reactions Characteristics

Absorbs energy, non-spontaneous, anabolism.

How allosteric inhibitors work

Modify the active site of the enzyme, reducing or preventing substrate binding.

Why the enzyme in tube 'B' didn't work

lost its active site and denatured due to heat.

Enzyme

Proteins that speed up chemical reactions.

Characteristics of enzymes

Mostly proteins, lower activation energy, specific, reusable, unchanged by reaction.

Explanation of the reaction H2O2 -> H2O + O2

Catalase speeds up the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen.

Coupling (in the context of exergonic and endergonic reactions)

Energy released by an exergonic reaction is used to drive an endergonic reaction.

Positive △G

Endergonic reaction, non-spontaneous.

Negative △G

exergonic reaction, spontaneous.

energy

Capacity to do work

ATP

MOLECULE THAT CARRIES ENERGY IN THE CELL

ATP CYCLE

ATP IS USED FOR CELLULAR FUNCTIONS, BECOMES ADP (ADENOSINE DIPHOSOHATE) AND THEN IS RECHARGED BACK INTO ADP

ENERGY SOURCE FOR ATP RECHARGE

FOOD, SPECIFICALLY FROM CATABOLIC REACTIONS

BIOLOGICAL CATALYST

ENZYME

ACTIVE SITE

THE Region of an enzyme where substrate molecules bind and undergo a chemical reaction.

SUBSTRATE

THE MATERIAL UPON WHICH AN ENZYME ACTS, WHICH IS CONVERTED INTO A PRODUCT

ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AFFECTING ENZYME ACTIVITY

TEMP, PH, SALT, SPECIFIC CHEMICALS that can influence the rate of enzyme-catalyzed reactions, impacting their efficiency and functionality.

ATP METABOLISM

ADENINE, RIBOSE, 3 PHOSPHATE GROUPS