Urinary Lecture Exam A&PII
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38 Terms
The average person has approximately __________ nephrons per kidney.
1.2 Million
Because of the great deal of active transport that occurs here, the __________ of one's nephrons collectively account for about 6% of one's daily resting ATP and caloric consumption.
proximal convoluted tubules
Which organ system does not excrete waste?
the cardiovascular system
Blood plasma is filtered in the __________.
renal corpuscle
Which of the following is a direct result of antidiuretic hormone?
decreased urine volume
The transition from an afferent arteriole to an efferent arteriole occurs in the __________.
glomerulus
A by-product of protein catabolism, __________ constitutes approximately one-half of all nitrogenous waste.
urea
Which of the following is not reabsorbed by the proximal convoluted tubule?
hydrogen ions
Which of the following is not a method by which natriuretic peptides reduce blood volume and pressure?
preventing sodium loss in the urine
Which of the following are primarily responsible for maintaining the salinity gradient of the renal medulla?
juxtamedullary nephrons
A renal pyramid voids urine into the __________.
minor calyx
Which of the following correctly traces blood flow from the renal cortex to the renal vein?
cortical radiate v. → arcuate v.→interlobar v.→ renal v.
The countercurrent multiplier recaptures __________ and is based on fluid flowing in the __________ direction in two adjacent tubules.
sodium; opposite
Which of the following is not true about the anatomy of the urinary system?
the kidneys are at equal heights withing the pelvic cavity
Which organ system excretes nitrogenous wastes?
the urinary system
The __________ is not an organ of the urinary system.
liver
Renin hydrolyzes angiotensinogen, which is released from the _________, to form angiotensin I.
liver
Which of the following induces renin secretion, constricts afferent arterioles, and reduces GFR and urine volume?
norepinephrine
Water output is largely controlled by varying ___________.
urine volume
What is the most abundant cation in the ICF?
k+
How do the kidneys compensate respiratory acidosis?
By secreting more hydrogen ions
What is the most abundant anion in the ECF?
Cl-
Long-term inhibition of thirst is mostly associated with which of the following?
a drop in blood osmolarity
Most body water intake is from __________, whereas most body water lost is via __________.
drinking; urine
In response to dehydration, osmoreceptors stimulate the secretion of __________.
ADH
What is the principal cation of the ECF?
Na+
What is the function of aldosterone?
It increases Na+ reabsorption and K+ secreation
Women have a tendency to retain water during part of the menstrual cycle because estrogen mimics the action of what?
aldosterone
Which of the following can prolonged exposure to cold weather lead to?
increased respiratory water loss
Chronic vomiting can lead to which of the following?
metabolic alkalosis
What is the function of antidiuretic hormone?
it promotes water conservation
A hemorrhage results in which of the following?
a decrease in water volume without significantly affecting the osmolarity
Breathing into and out of a paper bag for a long period of time will lead to __________.
respiratory acidosis
Hypernatremia is a plasma __________ concentration above normal.
Na+
Chloride homeostasis is achieved mainly as a result of ____________ homeostasis.
Na+
Where is the greatest volume of water in the body found?
intracellular fluid (ICF)
What is the most significant solute in determining the distribution of water among fluid compartments?
Na+
Fluid intake is governed mainly by hypothalamic neurons called __________.
osmoreceptors