💥 The Civil War

Thomas Paine's "African Slavery in America" (1775)

First published article calling for the abolition of slavery.

What invention in 1793 increased cotton production and the demand for slaves in the South?

Cotton gin

What did the Supreme Court decide in the 1857 Dred Scott case?

Slaves had no rights

What was the issue that cause a split between the North and the South?

Slavery

What was the Confederate States of America?

Seceded states states that emphasized on states rights and protection of slavery

Who was the president of the Confederate States of America?

Jefferson Davis

Which side had a much larger population, 2x of the other side?

North

Which side had a stronger economy with more factories and workers?

North

Which side had better transportation and communication?

North

Which side had the leadership of President Lincoln, loyalty of Border States, and military leadership of Ulysses S. Grant?

North

Which side had home field advantage?

South

Which side had better trained soldiers?

South

Which side had excellent military leaders such as Robert E. Lee, and Stonewall Jackson

South

What is the Anaconda Plan? Was this a Union or Confederate military strategy?

A Union military strategy meant to squeeze the Confederacy from each direction just like the snake.

What were the two components of the Anaconda Plan and its purpose?

1. Blockade all Southern ports → prevent ships from sailing in or out to sell cotton or get supplies

2. Gain control of Mississippi, Tennessee, and Cumberland Rivers → cut off rivers = cut off potential supply routes in the South + separate states

What did the Emancipation Proclamation state?

The Emancipation Proclamation stated that all slaves "in states in rebellion against the Union" would be free on January 1, 1863.

What was the purpose of the Declaration of Independence?

It changed the purpose of the war from fighting for states' rights to ending slavery

Gettysburg Address (1863)

A speech by President Abraham Lincoln at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania

In the address, Lincoln framed the war as a means to uphold the values of liberty.

Doctrine of Nullification

The belief that states could nullify federal laws they deemed unconstitutional.

Doctrine of Secession

The idea that states had the right to leave the Union, leading to the secession of Southern states.

First Battle of Bull Run (1861)

First major battle of the Civil War; Confederate victory proved the war would not be short.

Battle of Glorieta Pass (1862)

Why was this battle important?

This battle was important because of its geography

Union troops destroyed Confederate supply lines, preventing the South from gaining control of the West.

Battle of Antietam (1862)

What was the significance of this battle?

Bloodiest single day of the war

Ended in a draw but forced Confederates to retreat → prevented a large-scale Northern invasion.

Battle of Gettysburg (1863)

What was the significance of this battle?

Turning point of the war; Union victory stopped Confederate advance into the North.

Siege of Vicksburg (1863)

Union victory that gave control of the Mississippi River and split the Confederacy.

Northwest Ordinance (1787)

Established the Northwest Territory and prohibited slavery there.

American Anti-Slavery Society (1833)

Founded in Philadelphia to call for the immediate abolition of slavery.

Dred Scott Decision (1857)

Supreme Court ruling that slaves had no rights and were not citizens.

Liberty Party (1839)

Political party founded to promote the abolition of slavery.

Republican Party (1854)

Political party formed by anti-slavery activists; Abraham Lincoln was its first successful presidential candidate.

When did South Carolina secede from the Union?

1860

Why did South Carolina secede from the Union?

They didn't like that Lincoln won the election and that he was anti-slavery

Fort Sumter (1861)

First battle of the Civil War; Confederate forces attacked a Union fort in South Carolina.

Peninsula Campaign (1862)

Union attempt to capture Richmond, Virginia; ended in Confederate victory.

Battle of Shiloh (1862)

Major Union victory in Tennessee, showing the war would be long and costly.

Siege of Petersburg (1864-1865)

Long Union siege that led to the fall of Richmond and the end of the war.

Lincoln's Vice President; created the Presidential Reconstruction

Who is Andrew Johnson? What did he create?