World History Final Exam Questions and Topics

Mercantilism

Economic theory emphasizing trade and accumulation of wealth.

Agricultural Advances

Improvements in farming techniques boosting food production.

Steam Power

Key development driving industrial machinery and transport.

Napoleonic Wars

Conflicts reshaping European political boundaries and power.

Economic Self-Sufficiency

Goal inspired by revolutionary ideas in Latin America.

Trade Networks

Established by missionaries to connect Europe and Asia.

Mediterranean Basin

Region surrounding the Mediterranean Sea, significant for trade.

Philosophical Inquiry

Critical examination of fundamental questions and beliefs.

Columbian Exchange

Transfer of goods and diseases between Americas and Europe.

Slave Trade

Commercial trade of enslaved Africans to the Americas.

Cultural Diffusion

Spread of cultural beliefs and social activities.

Johannes Kepler

Scientist known for laws of planetary motion.

Isaac Newton

Formulated laws of motion and universal gravitation.

Scientific Method

Systematic observation, measurement, and experiment.

Mansa Musa

Mali emperor known for pilgrimage to Mecca.

Industrial Revolution

Period of major industrialization in the 18th-19th centuries.

Absolutism

Political doctrine of absolute power in monarchy.

Demographic Impact

Effects of population changes due to external factors.

Religious Warfare

Conflicts driven by religious differences, notably between Protestants and Catholics.

Economic Rights

Rights related to economic activities and property ownership.

Haitian Revolution

Successful slave revolt leading to Haiti's independence.

French Revolution

Revolution against monarchy leading to establishment of republic.

Trans-Sahara Trade

Trade routes across the Sahara connecting Africa to Europe.

Factory System

Method of manufacturing using machinery and labor.

Pilgrimage to Mecca

Religious journey to Islam's holiest city.

Louis XVI

French king during the French Revolution.

Natural Reproduction

Population growth through natural birth rates.

Economic Flexibility

Ability of an economy to adapt to changes.

The Enlightenment

Intellectual movement emphasizing reason and individualism.

Reformation

Religious movement leading to Protestantism's rise.

Scientific Revolution

Period of advancements in scientific thought and method.

Colombian Exchange

Transfer of goods, ideas, and diseases between continents.

Worker Satisfaction

Diminished due to repetitive and dangerous jobs.

Social Class Differences

Industrial Revolution did not reduce these disparities.

Labor Force

Women and children were preferred for their size.

Charles Dickens

Author highlighting industrial conditions in literature.

Great Britain

Origin of the Industrial Revolution in the 18th century.

The Great Fear

Period of panic during the French Revolution.

Tennis Court Oath

Pledge by Third Estate to draft a constitution.

Invisible Hand

Adam Smith's concept of self-regulating economic forces.

Catholic Reformation

Movement to reform the Catholic Church and counter Protestantism.

Silk Road

Ancient trade route connecting Europe and Asia.

Urban Areas

Developed due to industrialization and population growth.

Political Equality

Concept promoted by the French Revolution's ideals.

American Revolution

Colonial revolt influenced by Enlightenment and French ideas.

Congress of Vienna

Meeting to restore European stability post-Napoleon.

Capitalism

Economic system based on private ownership and free markets.

Social-Democratic Governments

Modern systems balancing capitalism with social welfare.

Migration

Movement from rural areas to urban centers during industrialization.

Exploitation of Slaves

Increasing abuse led to the Haitian Revolution's cause.

Piracy

The act of attacking ships for theft.

Printing Press

Invention that revolutionized the spread of information.

Timbuktu

Cultural and commercial center in the Mali Empire.

Toussaint Louverture

Leader of the Haitian Revolution against slavery.

Stamp Act

1765 tax on printed materials in American colonies.

Sugar Act

First revenue-raising measure by Britain in colonies.

Enlightenment

Intellectual movement emphasizing reason and individualism.

Age of Discovery

Period of exploration and discovery of new lands.

Nation-States

Political entities characterized by defined territories.

Cultural Center

Place where culture and arts are promoted.

Religious Authorities

Figures or institutions with influence over religious matters.

Divine Right of Kings

Political doctrine asserting monarchs' authority from God.

Rights of Individuals

Fundamental freedoms and protections for individuals.

Market

Place where goods and services are exchanged.

Royal Power

Authority held by monarchs or royal families.

Self-Government

The right of people to govern themselves.

Taxation Without Representation

Imposing taxes on citizens without their consent.

Brotherhood

Concept of unity and solidarity among people.

Mayan Civilization

Ancient Mesoamerican culture known for astronomy.

Aztec Civilization

Mesoamerican empire known for its capital Tenochtitlan.

Social Structure

Hierarchical organization within a civilization.

Marco Polo

Explorer whose travels inspired European exploration.

Protestant Reformation

Movement to reform the Catholic Church, initiated by Martin Luther.