Church History Luther and Reformation Quiz Q4

Diet of Worms

An important meeting in history where leaders of the Holy Roman Empire discussed Martin Luther and his ideas that they disagreed with. Luther was asked to recant and he did not. This started the protestant reformation

Martin Luther

A theologian that famously wrote the 95 theses protesting against the Roman Catholic Church and he started and heavily influenced the Protestant Reformation and translated the Bible to German.

95 Theses:

is a list of arguments made by Martin Luther criticizing the Catholic Church and he the theses nailed to the door of the Castle Church in Germany. His ideas spread quickly due to the printing press.

Desiderus Erasmus

was a dutch scholar during the Renassiance. He wanted to reform the Catholic Church but not break away from and he inspired reform and wanted people to think about it

Johnann Tetzel

a famous Catholic priest that became famous for selling indulgences. Him selling indulgences influenced Martin to write the 95 Theses and he helped trigger the Protestant Reformation.

Gutenberg Printing Press

Made printing texts more accessible and efficient. Helped print the 95 Theses and the Gutenberg Bible. It helped start the Protestant Reformation.

Emperor Charles V

The king of spain and ruler of the Holy Roman empire. He was the emperor during the Protestant Reformation and At the Diet of Worms he told Luther to take back his criticisms

Henry VIII

A famous King in England in the 1500s and he had many wives. He asked the pope to annul his marriage the Pope refused and he got mad and started the English Reformation and established the Anglican Church (Church of England).

Roman Catholic

One of the largest branches in Christianity. It is based off of the teachings of Jesus Christ. They believe in the authority of the Pope and that the Pope can speak on God's behalf. Martin Luther reformed the Catholic Church.

Protestant

A denomination in Christianity that started during the Protestant Reformation in the 16th century when they broke away from the Roman Catholic Church. Martin Luther helped influence the Reformation.

indulgence

Is a payment that you make to the Church that give you forgiveness for your sins. This is practiced in the Catholic Church. This was an issue in the 1500s because Church leaders were exploiting people.

Purgatory

Is a state that souls enter for purification before entering heaven. This is a Catholic belief however Martin Luther rejected this idea because scripture doesnt support this idea.

Repentance:

A feeling of regret or sorrow for wrongdoings and to ask forgiveness from God. After repenting you should turn away from that behavior. It is a key teaching in the Bible. Catholics believe that you repent through a confession of a Priest and Protestants believe you confess directly to God.

Sola Fide

Means faith alone. People can be right with God only through faith in Jesus not by doing good deeds or paying the Church.

Sola scriptura

Means from scripture alone. The Bible is the final authority is Gods word from scripture. Catholics believe that the Pope is the final authority.

Sole deo gloria

Means glory to God alone. We should only be giving glory to God not priests or saints. Catholics. Critics argue that the Catholic Church focuses on the pope and saints

Sola gratia:

Means grace alone. It means that people get salvation only from Gods gift of grace not through works. The Roman Catholic Church believes that you are granted salvation through works that Protestants do not subscribe to.

Solus Christus

Means Christ alone. This means Jesus Christ is the only person that can save people or bring them closer to God. Not saints, priests, or religious leaders. The Roman Catholic Church rely a lot on saints, priests, and the pope.

Vulgate:

The Latin translation of the Bible. It was the standard Bible for the Western Christian Church. The Council of Trent declared it the official Latin Bible of the Catholic Church.

Reformation

A major movement that wanted to reform the Roman Catholic Church in the 16th century that led to the many protestant denominations. It began as a response to the corruption and abuses within the Catholic Church. Erasmus first introduced the idea of reforming.

Vernacular language:

means the everyday spoken language used by ordinary people in a specific region or country. In the reformation Martin Luther translated the Bible into German so people could understand.

Why did Luther write the Bible in German? How does this relate to some of the broad ideas of the Reformation?

-he believed that everyone should be able to understand the Bible. Not just clergy members or scholars that know Latin.

-during the time of the reformation people depended on Priests and going the Church to understand the Bible; Martin believed that people should be able to read the Bible themselves and form their own understanding of God's word,

-translating the Bible made it easy for people to follow sola scriptura

Given that historically several other radical protests against Catholics had taken place, what made Luther successful where previous would-be reformers failed? Are there historical circumstances that help contribute to his success?

-Luther's idea spread quickly due to the invention of the printing press; previous reformers didnt have that type of technology

-got support from many German princes and local supporters; they protected luther from being condemned from the Church

-during this time there was frustration with the Catholic Church due to the abusiveness and corruption(indulgences)

Define "Protestant" as a label in historical context. Were early reformers like Martin Luther aiming to begin a new branch of Christianity originally? How does this shape our understanding of Protestantism as a protest movement?

-A group of Christians that protested aganist certain practices and doctrines in the Catholic Church during the Reformation.

-Martin Luther and John Calvin and early reformers intentions wasnt to create a whole new branch/ denomination; they wanted to reform within the Catholic Church.

-Over time different reformers started like John Calvin started their own protestants and movements that led to protestantism being a distinct branch; many reformers started to disagree with eachother

-shapes our understanding because protestantism is a movement to challenge authority and advocate for a return to scripture and reformers did not see themselves as creating a new denomination

What role did the Renaissance play in helping to give shape to the Reformation? Your answer should include at least three concrete details to support your answer.

-humanism idea said a return to the original sources of ancient knowledge (sola scriptura)

-the printing press quickly printed and made the 95 These accessible across Europe; allowed Luther's critiques spread

individualism letting people think for themselves( the idea that people can read and interpret the Bible for themselves instead of relying on the Catholic Church hierachy.

Explain what helped contribute to the decline in authority of the Roman Catholic Church leading up to the Reformation.

-corruption within the Catholic Church (indulgences) church was more concerned for wealth than spiritual ( also nepotism

-Pope was also a political figure gets involved with politics causes tension with kings and local rulers

-printing press and the spread of ideas like the 95 Theses; Martin Luther protesting against the catholic church

Be prepared to list, define and describe the five solas of the Reformation.

Sola Scriptura: Sola Scriptura means from scripture alone. This is a major idea in the Protestant denomination that the authority of the Church is God's word from the scripture. This also implies that if we have any theological concerns or questions we should go to the Bible.

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Sola Gratia: Sola Gratia means grace alone. It means that people get salvation only from Gods gift of grace not through works. The Roman Catholic Church believes that you are granted salvation through works that Protestants do not subscribe to.

· Sole Deo Gloria: Sole Deo Gloria means to God alone be the glory. This means that we should only be worshipping God not priests, saints, or the church. There were artists that dedicated their work to God during and after the Reformation.

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Solus Christus: Means Christ alone. This means Jesus Christ is the only person that can save people or bring them closer to God. Not saints, priests, or religious leaders.

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Sole Fide: Means faith alone. People can be right with God only through faith in Jesus not by doing good deeds or paying the Church.