Unit 4 Timeline

Louisiana Purchase

a land deal between the United States and France, in which the U.S. acquired approximately 827,000 square miles of land west of the Mississippi River for $15 million.

Lewis and Clark expedition

 An expedition sent by Thomas Jefferson to explore the northwestern territories of the United States, 1804-1806 - Meriwether Lewis and William Clark were commissioned by Jefferson to map and explore the Louisiana Purchase region.

Marbury v. Madison

established the principle of judicial review—the power of the federal courts to declare legislative and executive acts unconstitutional. The unanimous opinion was written by Chief Justice John Marshall.

Embargo Act of 1807

This law was passed in December 1807 over Federalist opposition, and prohibited United States vessels from trading with European nations during the Napoleonic War.

Battle of Tippecanoe

Battle in which Native Americans united by Tecumseh and Prophet fought against General William Henry Harrison's forces and lost. Americans on the frontier blamed Britain for initiating the rebellion (1811)

War of 1812

A war between the U.S. and Great Britain caused by American outrage over the impressment of American sailors by the British, the British seizure of American ships, and British aid to the Indians attacking the Americans on the western frontier.

Hartford Convention

a meeting of New England Federalists held in Hartford Connecticut in the winter of 1814-15. These Federalist opposed the War of 1812 and held the convention to discuss and seek redress by Washington for their complaints and wrongs that the felt had been done.

Era of Good Feelings

a period in the political history of the United States that reflected rising nationalism in America after between 1817-1825. The era saw the collapse of the Federalist Party and an end to the disputes between it and the dominant Democratic-Republican Party during the First Party System.

American System

the system that was supposed to protect the American economy. It did this through a tariff that would make American produced goods cheaper, a national bank to foster commerce, and federal subsidies for roads, canals, and other infrastructure.

McCulloch v. Maryland

This court case resulted in the decision that established the supremacy of the Constitution, the expansion of Congress' powers beyond those enumerated, and the inferior status of state laws in relation to federal laws.

Missouri Compromise

an agreement between Northern and Southern states about which western territories could be admitted into the Union as slave states.

Florida Purchase Treaty

the treaty in 1819 that purchased eastern Florida to establish the boundary between Mexico and the Louisiana territory. It provided for the cession of Florida to the United States in return for American settlement of claims of her citzens against Spain.

Monroe Doctrine

President James Monroe's statement forbidding further colonization in the Americas and declaring that any attempt by a foreign country to colonize would be considered an act of hostility.

Erie Canal

A canal between the New York cities of Albany and Buffalo, completed in 1825. The canal, considered a marvel of the modern world at the time, allowed western farmers to ship surplus crops to sell in the North and allowed northern manufacturers to ship finished goods to sell in the West.

Lowell System

was a paternalistic textile factory system of the early 19th century that employed mainly young women \[age 15-35\] from New England farms to increase efficiency, productivity and profits in ways different from other methods.

Market Revolution

a period in antebellum America that encompassed the industrial and transportation revolutions, the change from subsistence farming to large-scale cash farming, regional specialization, immigration, western-movement, and growth of cities.

Know Nothing Party

a former political party active in the 1850s in the NORTH which opposed immigration and Catholic influence.

Universal male suffrage

refers to the expansion of the right to vote to all adult white men, regardless of property ownership.

The Election of 1824

none of the candidates were able to secure a majority of the electoral vote, thereby putting the outcome in the hands of the House of Representatives, which elected John Quincy Adams over rival Andrew Jackson.

Indian Removal Act

signed into law by President Andrew Jackson on May 28, 1830, authorizing the president to grant lands west of the Mississippi in exchange for Indian lands within existing state borders.

Worchester v. Georgia

legal case in which the U.S. Supreme Court on March 3, 1832, held (5–1) that the states did not have the right to impose regulations on Native American land.

Trail of Tears

the Cherokees were forcibly moved west by the United States government. Approximately 4,000 Cherokees died on this forced march, which became known as the "Trail of Tears."

“Tariff of Abominations”

raised taxes on imported manufactures so as to reduce foreign competition with American manufacturing. Southerners, arguing that the tariff enhanced the interests of the Northern manufacturing industry at their expense,

Bank War

the political struggle that ensued over the fate of the Second Bank of the United States during the presidency of Andrew Jackson.

Whig Party

An American political party formed in the 1830s to oppose President Andrew Jackson and the Democrats, stood for protective tariffs, national banking, and federal aid for internal improvements

Second Great Awakening

a religious revival that took place after the American Revolution between 1790 and 1840 in an effort to restore a simpler form of Christianity. This religious movement was felt nationwide and consisted of small and large gatherings alike.

Transcendentalism

A philosophy pioneered by Ralph Waldo Emerson in the 1830's and 1840's, in which each person has direct communication with God and Nature, and there is no need for organized churches.

New Harmony

A utopian settlement in Indiana lasting from 1825 to 1827. It had 1,000 settlers, but a lack of authority caused it to break up.

Hudson River School

the first coherent school of American art. - active from 1825 to 1870; painted wilderness landscapes of the Hudson River valley and surrounding New England. James Fenimore Cooper. Wrote of the American West and peoples experiences and reactions with nature

American Temperance Society

first national organization to protest the abuse of alcohol. They demanded the "total" abstinence and pressured churches to expel members who condoned alcohol.

Cult of domesticity

attempted to define gender roles in the nineteenth century by limiting women to a domestic sphere. It served as an ideal to which middle and upper-class women could aspire and a means of class distinction.

Seneca Falls Convention

the first women's rights convention in the United States. Held in July 1848 in Seneca Falls, New York, the meeting launched the women's suffrage movement, which more than seven decades later ensured women the right to vote.

American Colonization Society

in full American Society for Colonizing the Free People of Color of the United States, American organization dedicated to transporting freeborn blacks and emancipated slaves to Africa

American Antislavery Society

Abolitionist society founded by William Lloyd Garrison, who advocated the immediate abolition of slavery. By 1838, the organization had more than 250,000 members across 1,350 chapters.

Nat Turner Rebellion

an enslaved Baptist preacher who believed he had been chosen by God to lead his people to freedom, launched the deadliest slave revolt in 1831. Turner and a small group of followers launched the rebellion on August 21, 1831, by killing the family of his owner.

Positive Good Speech

written by John C. Calhoun grounded in the belief that slavery was good for white southerners because it made the south prosperous and maintained social order and white supremacy and also good for slaves because it brought them out of africa and christianized the black people;