Biology EOC

Cells performing passive transport will move solutes from areas of _ concentration to _ concentration.

high, low

Cells performing active transport will move solutes from areas of _ concentration to _ concentration.

low, high

Name the molecules which will pass through the membrane through diffusion.

Identify if this is passive or active.

carbon dioxide, oxygen

Passive

Name the molecules which will pass through the membrane through facilitated diffusion.

Identify if this is passive or active.

Water (osmosis)

Passive

Name a molecule which will pass through the membrane through phagocytosis.

Identify if this is passive or active.

Glucose, starch

active

What are the two waste products in cellular respiration?

carbon dioxide, water

Ribosomes

read RNA, create amino acid chains (protein building blocks)

Cell membrane (function and structure)

maintains cell homeostasis by controlling what comes in and out; polar, phosphate heads, non-polar lipid tails)

Chloroplasts

Converts energy from sun into glucose and oxygen; plants only

Mitochondria

Converts glucose into useable energy (ATP); plants and animals

Nucleus

Hold DNA and determine cell functions

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Contains ribosomes; site of protein synthesis

What is the relationship between the mitochondria and the chloroplast?

Reactants of one become the products of the other

Which factors can limit cellular respiration?

Lack of glucose, oxygen; change in temperature

Which factors can limit photosynthesis?

Lack of carbon dioxide, water, sun; change in temperature

Describe a cell in a hypotonic solution

Less water in the cell; water will move in

Describe a cell in a hypertonic solution

More water in the cell; water will move out

In a food web, arrows move from to __.

producers, consumers

What % of energy is passed on between trophic levels?

10%

How do cells become differentiated?

Chemical signals cause different portions of DNA to be expressed

Mitosis- what is produced

2, identical daughter cells

PMAT

Independent variable

scientist controls; on the x- axis

Dependent variable

changes because of the IV; on the y-axis

Constants

variables which stay the same in order to validate the results

Name the three components in a DNA nucleotide

phosphate

sugar

nitrogenous base

Why is the order of bases important?

Bases provide the instructions for making proteins, the physical expression of your genes

What occurs in S of interphase?

DNA is copied

What is the correct format for a hypothesis?

If… IV, then… DV.

How does a species grow?

Mitosis, cell differentiation

Double stranded molecule that contains instructions to make proteins.

DNA

Any compound containing carbon

organic

pH greater than 7, releases OH

base

pH less than 7, releases H

acid

pH of 7

neutral

Macromolecule used for long term energy storage (fat)

Lipid

Living things are primarily composed of these four elements

CHON

Speeds up a chemical reaction

enzyme

Selective Permeability

Property of the cell membrane that allows some substances into the cell while keeping others out

Chloroplast

Site of photosynthesis

Mitochondria

Site of cellular respiration

First step in cellular respiration, occurs in cytoplasm; 2 ATP

Glycolysis

Anaerobic respiration

Occurs when no oxygen is present. Results in fermentation.

Activation energy

Energy required to start a reaction

Reactants

Go into a reaction, left side of yield arrow

Products

Come out of a reaction, right side of yield arrow

Hypotonic solution

Higher concentration of solute inside the cell, water moves in

Hypertonic solution

Higher concentration of solute outside the cell, water moves out

Isotonic solution

Concentrations of solute are equal inside and outside the cell. Water moves in both directions.

Osmosis

Movement of water across a semipermeable membrane

Facilitated diffusion

Passive transport with the help of a protein channel

Cancer

Uncontrolled cell growth and division

Lysosome

Sac of digestive fluid that rids the cell of invaders and worn out cell parts

Vacuole

stores water, waste and extra nutrients and minerals

Golgi body

Organelle that packages and ships vesicles around the cell

Reactants of photosynthesis

sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water

Products of photosynthesis

glucose and oxygen

Glucose and oxygen

Reactants of cellular respiration

Carbon dioxide, water, ATP

Products of cellular respiration

Metaphase

Chromosomes lined up in middle of cell

Prophase

Chromosomes condense, nuclear envelope disappears

Anaphase

Chromatids pulled away from each other

Telophase

Nuclear envelopes reform, cleavage furrow or cell plate begins to form.

Chromatin

relaxed DNA

Chromosome

condensed DNA, contains genes

Mutation

change in the DNA sequence

Adenine

The complementary base of Thymine

Cytosine

The complementary base of Guanine

Thymine

A pyrimidine (single ring) nitrogenous base

Guanine

A purine (double ring) nitrogenous base

Endocytosis

Bulk transport of substances into the cell

Exocytosis

Bulk transport of substances out of the cell

Adenosine Triphosphate

Provides energy for biochemical reactions within a cell.

Scientific Method

1. Ask a question

2. Make a hypothesis

3. Design and Conduct an experiment

4. Collect and analyze data

5. Form a conclusion

Gene

DNA segment that codes for the production of specific proteins

Homologous chromosomes

Chromosomes that make up a pair, on chromosome from each parent

Gamete

sex cell; sperm and egg

Somatic cell

body cell; blood, bone, skin, etc.

Diploid

cell with full set of chromosomes (46 in humans)

Haploid

cell with half the number of chromosomes (23 in humans)

fertilization

joining of a sperm and egg to make a diploid cell