Context - religious beliefs and societal hierarchy.

What church hierarchy did Catholics want?

To keep the pope as head of the church, and have a structure with cardinals, archbishops, and bishops to help govern the church.

What church hierarchy did protestants want?

The monarch as head of the curc, and archbishops and bishops to help them.

What church hierarchy did Puritans want?

Didn’t believe in a head of church or bishops.

Wanted comittees elected by churchgoers to make rules.

What did Catholics believe about decoration and music?

Churches to be traditionally built to show the glory and majesty of God. Were expensive and elaborate.

Filled with stain glass windows, statues, pictures, murals etc.

What did Protestants believe about decoration and music?

Saw spending as going against the teachings of Jesus.

When Edward VI made the country protestant, he ordered the removal of all Catholic decorations from churches.

Many were hidden and reinstated under Mary I.

What did Puritans believe about decoration and music?

Wanted a plainer church than Protestants because they believed fancy altars, stained glass windows and statues weren’t based on the bible, so not approved by God.

Churches as simple as possible.

What did Catholics think about the clergy?

At the end of Mary's reign (1558), all clergy members were Catholic.

Weren’t allowed to marry.

Wore richly decorated robes called vestments.

What did protestants think about the clergy?

Were able to marry.

Had some special vestments, but only a few.

What did Puritans think about the clergy?

Preferred plain blck gowns.

Allowed to marry.

What did catholics think about bible and church services?

Bible and church services in Latin.

Bible read only by priests.

Believed miracles occured during mass, bread and wine literally turned into the body and blood of Jesus through the powers of the priest (transubstantiation.)

What did protestants think about bible and church services?

Bible in english, which all read.

Church services in English with communion.

Believed bread and wine symbolised the body and blood of Jesus.

What did puritans think about bible and church services?

Bible and church services in english, with communion.

Bread and wine metaphorically jesus’ body and blood.

Jesus spiritually not physically present.

What did people believe about the monarch in the 1500s?

Was appointed by God.

Had ultimate control in government.

Could decide the religion, when to go to war, and education.

What were courts like in the 1500s?

Was made up of a number of small courts that dealt with various crimes.

The Great sessions court dealt with the worst crimes in each country.

Smaller crimes held in the petty sessions court.

What was the privy council like in the 1500s?

Made up of the monarchs closest advisors.

Held regular meetings to discuss economies, religion, and the welfare of the nation.

They also monitored parliament and the justice of peace.

Swore an oath of allegiance to the monarch.

What was parliament like in the 1500s?

Organized taxes, and helped the queen pass laws.

Nobles were members of the house of lords, and the gentry were in the house of commons.

Describe lords lieutenant (nobles) in the 1500s?

Representatives of the crown.

Maintained the military in each country. Were in charge of organizing the military if England faced foreign threats.

What were justices of the peace (gentry) like in the 1500s?

Had a key role in government administration.

Was a voluntary position, but an honour for a member of the Gentry's class to serve.

Maintained law and order in each country and dealt with crime and punishment.

What was the population?

Aprox. 3m

What did Catholics vs protestants believe about purgatory?

Catholics - a place between heaven and hell. Protestants or saints could get you out and into heaven quicker (If you pay them).

Wasn’t mentioned in the Bible so Protestants didn’t believe it - a way to exploit people for money. Catholic priests living in sin.

What did Catholics vs protestants believe about confession?

Catholics - was important to keep you out of hell.

Protestants - was more important to live a good Christian life (commit no sins so you have nothing to confess.)

Describe puritans.

Most extreme protestants.

Wanted to ‘purify’ the church - if aspets of it aren't mentioned the bibile, they aren't needed.

Didn't accept elizabeth as head of the church - believed in running it themselves.