SIMPLIFIED Biologically Important Molecules

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Description and Tags

Setlist includes specific hormone types, amino acids, nucleic acids, common sugars, metabolism related molecules, and some vitamins

Biology

Biochemistry

MCAT

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149 Terms

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indole

found in tryptophan

<p>found in tryptophan</p>
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imidazole

found in histidine

<p>found in histidine</p>
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guanidinium

found in arginine

<p>found in arginine</p>
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pyrrole

a structural component in polyphyrins- which form conjugated heterocyclic compounds with metal cations (part of hemoglobin prosthetic group).
glycine is also a precursor to this.

<p>a structural component in polyphyrins- which form conjugated heterocyclic compounds with metal cations (part of hemoglobin prosthetic group).<br>glycine is also a precursor to this.</p>
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pyramidine

.

<p>.</p>
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purine

.

<p>.</p>
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guanine

.

<p>.</p>
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adenine

.

<p>.</p>
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uracil

.

<p>.</p>
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nucleoside

.

<p>.</p>
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nucleotide

.

<p>.</p>
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glucose

.

<p>.</p>
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frutose

.

<p>.</p>
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ribose

.

<p>.</p>
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deoxyribose

.

<p>.</p>
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maltose

contains alpha glycosidic bond with 2 glucose molecules

<p>contains alpha glycosidic bond with 2 glucose molecules</p>
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sucrose

contains alpha bond with a glucose and a fructose molecule

<p>contains alpha bond with a glucose and a fructose molecule</p>
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lactose

contains a beta bond with a galactose and a glucose

<p>contains a beta bond with a galactose and a glucose</p>
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galactose

.

<p>.</p>
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glycogen

made of glucose (more branched) can be 1-4 or 1-6 alpha glycosidic bonds

<p>made of glucose (more branched) can be 1-4 or 1-6 alpha glycosidic bonds</p>
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amylose

made of glucose (more linear) with ONLY 1-4 alpha glycosidic bonds

<p>made of glucose (more linear) with ONLY 1-4 alpha glycosidic bonds</p>
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cellulose

made of glucose and is bonded with 1-4 beta glycosidic bonds

<p>made of glucose and is bonded with 1-4 beta glycosidic bonds</p>
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aspartic acid

polar, negative side chain

<p>polar, negative side chain</p>
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glutamic acid

polar, negative side chain

<p>polar, negative side chain</p>
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arginine

polar, positive side chain

<p>polar, positive side chain</p>
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lysine

polar, positive side chain

<p>polar, positive side chain</p>
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histidine

polar, positive side chain

<p>polar, positive side chain</p>
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cysteine

polar, uncharged

<p>polar, uncharged</p>
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glycine

nonpolar, uncharged

<p>nonpolar, uncharged</p>
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alanine

nonpolar, uncharged

<p>nonpolar, uncharged</p>
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leucine

nonpolar, uncharged

<p>nonpolar, uncharged</p>
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isoleucine

nonpolar, uncharged

<p>nonpolar, uncharged</p>
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valine

nonpolar, uncharged

<p>nonpolar, uncharged</p>
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tyrosine

polar, uncharged

<p>polar, uncharged</p>
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tryptophan

nonpolar, uncharged

<p>nonpolar, uncharged</p>
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methionine

nonpolar, uncharged

<p>nonpolar, uncharged</p>
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proline

nonpolar, uncharged

<p>nonpolar, uncharged</p>
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serine

polar, uncharged

<p>polar, uncharged</p>
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threonine

Thr, T
polar, uncharged

<p>Thr, T<br>polar, uncharged</p>
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asparagine

Asn, N

polar, uncharged

<p>Asn, N</p><p>polar, uncharged</p>
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glutamine

Gln, Q
polar, uncharged

<p>Gln, Q<br>polar, uncharged</p>
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phenylalanine

Phe, F

nonpolar, uncharged

<p>Phe, F</p><p>nonpolar, uncharged</p>
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riboflavin

Vitamin B2

<p>Vitamin B2</p>
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niacin

Vitamin B3

<p>Vitamin B3</p>
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biotin

Vitamin B7

<p>Vitamin B7</p>
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mannose

epimer of glucose that differs at the c2 carbon

<p>epimer of glucose that differs at the c2 carbon</p>
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ammonium

NH4+

<p>NH4+</p>
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hydronium

H3O+

<p>H3O+</p>
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acetate

CH3CO2-

<p>CH3CO2-</p>
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bicarbonate

CHO3-

<p>CHO3-</p>
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cyanide

CN-

<p>CN-</p>
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hydroxide

OH-

<p>OH-</p>
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nitrate

NO3-

<p>NO3-</p>
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nitrite

NO2-

<p>NO2-</p>
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perchlorate

ClO4-

<p>ClO4-</p>
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carbonate

CO3-2

<p>CO3-2</p>
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sulfate

SO4-2

<p>SO4-2</p>
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sulfite

SO3-

<p>SO3-</p>
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phosphate

PO4-3

<p>PO4-3</p>
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methyl

knowt flashcard image
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ethyl

knowt flashcard image
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propyl

knowt flashcard image
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butyl

knowt flashcard image
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isopropyl

knowt flashcard image
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sec-butyl

knowt flashcard image
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t-butyl

knowt flashcard image
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alkane

-ane

<p>-ane</p>
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alkene

-ene
-en-

<p>-ene<br>-en-</p>
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alcohol

hydroxy-
-ol

<p>hydroxy-<br>-ol</p>
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aldehyde

oxo-
-al

<p>oxo-<br>-al</p>
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ketone

-one
oxo-
keto-

<p>-one<br>oxo-<br>keto-</p>
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carboxylic acid

-oic acid

<p>-oic acid</p>
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amide

-amide

<p>-amide</p>
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ester

X-yl Y-ate
(x=esterifying group)

<p>X-yl Y-ate<br>(x=esterifying group)</p>
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acid/acetic anhydride

X-oic Y-oic anhydride

<p>X-oic Y-oic anhydride</p>
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amine

-amino
amino-

<p>-amino<br>amino-</p>
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imine

-imine

<p>-imine</p>
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enamine

enamine

<p>enamine</p>
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furanose

5 carbon sugar

<p>5 carbon sugar</p>
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pyranose

6 carbon sugar

<p>6 carbon sugar</p>
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terpene

made up of isoprene units (a 5 carbon unit with the formula C5H8)n. Nonpolar and hydrophobic. Known for squalene- the precursor of cholesterol

<p>made up of isoprene units (a 5 carbon unit with the formula C5H8)n. Nonpolar and hydrophobic. Known for squalene- the precursor of cholesterol</p>
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squalene

a type of terpene that is the precursor for cholesterol and thus steroids

<p>a type of terpene that is the precursor for cholesterol and thus steroids</p>
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cholesterol

precursor to steroids
also helps with cell membrane stability and fluidity (high temps=rigid low temps=fluid)

<p>precursor to steroids<br>also helps with cell membrane stability and fluidity (high temps=rigid low temps=fluid)</p>
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starch

glucose molecules joined by alpha 1-4 glycosidic linkages. can exist as amylose (more linear or amylopectin (more branched)

<p>glucose molecules joined by alpha 1-4 glycosidic linkages. can exist as amylose (more linear or amylopectin (more branched)</p>
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acetyl

.

<p>.</p>
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sulfonyl

.

<p>.</p>
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phenyl

.

<p>.</p>
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benzyl

.

<p>.</p>
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furan

.

<p>.</p>
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cyanohydrin

.

<p>.</p>
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benzoic acid

.

<p>.</p>
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ethanoic/acetic acid

.

<p>.</p>
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acetone

.

<p>.</p>
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glycerol

.

<p>.</p>
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alkyne

.

<p>.</p>
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alkyl halide

.

<p>.</p>
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thoil/sulfhydryl

.

<p>.</p>
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ether

.

<p>.</p>
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epoxide

.

<p>.</p>
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phenol

.

<p>.</p>

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