Transcultural Nursing and Cultural Competence

These flashcards provide definitions and key terms related to Transcultural Nursing, cultural competence, and assessment models as presented in the lecture notes.

Transcultural Nursing

The blending of nursing and anthropology into an area of specialization focused on the comparative study and analysis of cultures and subcultures with respect to caring behavior, nursing care, and health-illness values.

Dr. Madeleine Leininger

The nurse anthropologist who conceptualized Transcultural Nursing and established its historical and theoretical foundations.

Culture-specific

Particular values, beliefs, and patterns of behavior that are unique to a group and are not shared with members of other cultures.

Culture-universal

The commonly shared values, norms of behavior, and life patterns that are similarly held among cultures regarding human behavior and lifestyles.

Anthropology

The study of humans including their origins, behavior, social relationships, physical and mental characteristics, customs, and development through time and space.

Culture

The learned, shared, and transmitted values, beliefs, norms, and lifeways of a particular group that guide thinking, decisions, and actions in a patterned way.

Ethnicity

The perception of oneself and a sense of belonging to a particular ethnic group, or the feeling of not belonging to any group due to multiethnicity.

Race

A group of people who share genetically transmitted traits such as skin color, hair texture, and eye shape or color.

Theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality

A theory by Leininger that focuses on describing, explaining, and predicting nursing similarities and differences related to human care and caring in human cultures.

Sunrise Enabler

A visual representation of Leininger's theory based on the concept of cultural care that guides nursing judgments and activities.

Ethnonursing research

A qualitative research method created by Leininger to investigate phenomena of interest in Transcultural Nursing.

Giger and Davidhizar Transcultural Assessment Model

A model based on six phenomena: Communication, Space, Biologic variations, Environmental control, Time, and Social organization.

Andrews/Boyle Transcultural Interprofessional Practice (TIP) Model

A model using the scientific process to deliver culturally congruent quality care across the life span through components of Interprofessional Health Care Team, Communication, and Problem Solving.

Communicare

The Latin verb meaning "to share," which is the root of the word communication.

Chronemics

The aspect of communication related to time.

Proxemics

The aspect of communication related to space and physical distance.

Vulnerable populations

Groups poorly integrated into the health care system due to ethnic, cultural, economic, geographic, or health characteristics such as disabilities or chronic conditions.

Immigrants

People who move from one country or region to another for economic, political, religious, social, and personal reasons.

Health Tourism

The practice of patients traveling to other countries for medical and surgical health care needs.

Refugees

People who flee their country of origin for fear of persecution based on ethnicity, race, religion, political opinion, or civil unrest.

Inter-professional collaborative practice

Multiple health providers from different professional backgrounds working together with patients, families, and communities to deliver the highest quality care.

Individual cultural competence

The care provided for an individual client by one or more health care, education, or social services professionals.

Organizational cultural competence

The collective competence of an organization's members and their effectiveness in meeting the diverse needs of clients, staff, and the community.

Cultural baggage

The tendency for a person’s own culture to be foremost in his/her assumptions, thoughts, words, and behavior.

Cultural self-assessment

The process by which nurses critically reflect on their own attitudes, values, and experiences to gain insight into how their background informs their practice.

Bias

A tendency, outlook, or inclination that results in an unreasoned judgment, whether positive or negative, about a person, place, or object.

Ethnocentrism

The human tendency to view one’s own group as the center of and superior to all other groups.

Cultural imposition

The tendency of a person or group to impose their values, beliefs, and practices onto others.

Cultural stereotype

A preconceived, fixed perception or impression of someone from a particular cultural group that generally has little or no basis in fact.

Prejudice

Inaccurate perceptions or preconceived judgments about people based on characteristics such as ethnicity, race, national origin, gender, or religion.

Discrimination

The act or behavior of setting one individual or group apart from another and treating them differently.

Emic perspective

The "insider's" perspective, or the ability to see a situation from the client's point of view.

Etic perspective

The "outsider's" perspective, looking at a situation from a vantage point outside of the specific culture.

Diversity

The client's uniqueness in dimensions such as race, ethnicity, age, gender, socioeconomic background, lifestyle, and other characteristics used to categorize people.

Health Disparities

Population-specific differences in the presence of disease, health outcomes, or access to health care.

Disabling hearing loss

Defined as a loss of greater than $40\,dB$ in the better ear in adults and a loss of greater than $30\,dB$ in the better ear in children.

Language Access Services (LAS)

Interventions and resources designed to assist the approximately 9% of the US population that has limited English proficiency.