Hormones/Pituitary Gland

1. What are 2 general categories of hormones?

1. Protein hormones

2. Steroid hormones

1. What are protein hormones made up of?

2. Can they diffuse across the cell membrane?

1. Made up of chains of amino acid-like compounds (also called water-soluble hormones)

2. Cannot diffuse across the cell membrane

1. What are steroid hormones made up of?

2. Can they pass through the cell membrane?

1. Steroid hormones are made up of lipid compounds

2. Can pass through cell membrane

1. What are prostaglandins

1. A type of hormone that produce effects without entering the blood stream

1. What is hypersecretion

1. Excess production of hormones

1. What is hyposecretion

1. Underproduction of a hormone

1. What are the 2 ways a hormone can produce its effect within target cells

1. One-messenger model

2. Two-messenher model

1. What is the one-messenger model

1. Hormones pass easily through the cell membranes of target cells and combine with special receptors found there. This triggers the chemical response of the target cell

1. What is the two-messenger model

1. Protein hormones cannot pass directly theough cell membranes so they react with receptors on the target cell membrane to produce a second messenger. The second messenger enters the cell and produces the desired hormonal effect

1. What is another name for the pituitary gland

2. Why is it called that

1. Master gland

2. It controls the activities of several other endocrine glands

1. Where is the pituitary gland found

1. Found beneath the brain and connected to the hypothalamus

1. What does the hypothalamus do to the pituitary gland

1. Controls the release of hormones from the pituitary

1. What are the 2 parts of the pituitary gland

1. Anterior and posterior

1. What are the 6 hormones released from the anterior pituitary

1. TSH (Thyroid stimulating hormone)

2. ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic hormone)

3. HGH (Human growth hormone)

4. FSH (Follicle stimulating hormone)

5. LH (Luteinizing hormone)

6. Prolactin

1. What does prolactin do

1. Stimulates the production of milk by the mammary glands

1. What are the 2 hormones released by the posterior pituitary

1. Oxytocin

2. Vasopressin

1. Where is oxytocin and vasopressin are transported from the ___ for storage and later released

1. Hypothalamus

1. What are other hormones produced by the hypothalamus called

2. What do they control

1. Releasing factors

2. Control the release of hormones from the anterior lobe of the pituitary