U1: Neuroplasticity

synapse

the region that includes the axon terminals of the presynaptic neuron, the synaptic gap, and the dendrites of the postsynaptic neuron

sprouting

a neuron develops new branches at the dendrites or axons which allows it to form new neutral connections where activity has been prevented or depleted

rerouting

a neuron forms a new connection with another undamaged neuron and abandon the damaged neuron, this allows new neural connections to be formed.

neuron

a nerve cell that recieves and transmits neural information. Our brain (and nervous system) is made up of billions of different kinds of neurons

myelin

insulates the neuron and prevents disturbance from other neurons

axon terminals

sends neuronal messages to the next neuron

experience-dependent plasticity

occurs in response to a need to adapt
eg. survival

eg. brain trauma and injuries

Synaptogenesis

formation of synapses between neurons as axon terminals and dendrites grow

most intense during infancy- reduce as you age

synaptic pruning

the elimination of underused synapses ('use it or lose it'). Occurs throughout lifespan
not as intense periods during adolescence and after infancy (2-3 years old)

myelination

the formation of development of myelin around the axon of the neuron, this helps to make messages more efficant and quick

maintain brain functions

mental stimulation, a balanced dies, physical exercise and social support help to stimulate new neural connections (eg. strengthen or prevent synaptic pruning) and help to maintain healthy neurons (eg. proteins, oxygen)

dendrites

recieves neuronal messages

neuroplasticity

the ability of the brain to change in response to experience or environmental stimulation

two types of neuroplasticity

experience- expectent and experience-dependent plasticity

experience expectent plasticity

occurs naturally throughout development
eg. ageing and learning