1/33
Looks like no tags are added yet.
Name | Mastery | Learn | Test | Matching | Spaced |
---|
No study sessions yet.
Abbasid Dynasty
From 750-1258 this was the 3rd dynasty of the Islamic Caliphate. They built their capital in Baghdad after overthrowing the Umayyad caliphate.
Vizier
-a high government official in ancient Egypt or in Muslim countries
-the right-hand man to the caliph
Seljuk Turks
-nomadic Turks from Asia who conquered Baghdad in 1055 and allowed the caliph to remain only as a religious leader
-they governed strictly
-attacked Byzantines and conquered Jerusalem
Mamluks
-Muslim slave warriors
-established a dynasty in Egypt
- defeated the Mongols at Ain Jalut in 1260 and halted Mongol advance
Cordoba
-capital of Muslim Spain (al-Andalus)
-an economic center
-hundreds of workshops
-culture and learning flourished there
Battle of Tours
(732 CE) European victory over Muslims. It halted Muslim movement into Western Europe
Muhammad
the Arab prophet who founded Islam (570-632)
Bedouins
small groups of nomadic people in Arabia
Polygyny
having more than one wife at a time
Allah
Islamic God
Mecca
-City in western Arabia
-birthplace of the Prophet Muhammad
-ritual center of the Islamic religion
Quaran
the sacred text of Islam
Medina
-also known as Yathrib
-City in western Arabia to which the Prophet Muhammad and his followers emigrated in 622 to escape persecution in Mecca.
Hegira
Muhammad's journey from Mecca to Medina
Ka'aba
The most sacred temple of Islam, located at Mecca
People of the Book
what Muslims called Christians and Jews which means that they too only believe in one God
Five Pillars of Islam
true Muslims were expected to follow this principle of Salvation:
-belief in Allah
-pray 5 times a day
-giving of alms
- fasting during Ramadan
-pilgrimage to Mecca once in a lifetime
Jihad
A holy struggle or striving by a Muslim for a moral or spiritual or political goal
Ramadan
the ninth month of the Muslim year, during which strict fasting is observed from sunrise to sunset.
Shariah
- a law code drawn up by Muslim scholars after Muhammad's death
- it provided believers with a set of practical laws to regulate their daily lives
Abu Bakr
first caliph after death of Muhammad
Caliph
successor to Muhammad as political and religious leader of the Muslims
Ali
-the fourth caliph of Islam who is considered to be the first caliph by Shiites
-Muhammad's son-in-law and cousin
Sunnis
Muslims belonging to branch of Islam believing that the community should select its own leadership. The majority religion in most Islamic countries.
Shias
Followers of Islam who believe leaders of Islam were descendants of Muhammad
Dar al-Islam
an Arabic term that means the "house of Islam" and that refers to lands under Islamic rule
Ummayad Dynasty
Arabic dynasty, with its capital at Damascus, that was marked by a tremendous period of expansion to Spain in the west and India in the east
Imam
the person who leads prayers in a mosque.
Dhows
Large ships favored by Indian, Persian, and Arab sailors that could carry up to four hundred tons of cargo.
Averroes
-Spanish-Arabian philosopher and doctor
-wrote commentaries on Aristotle
-emphasized the compatibility of faith and reason
- said philosophical knowledge was derived from reason
female infanticide
the intentional killing of baby girls due to the preference for male babies and from the low value associated with the birth of females
Dowries
property or money brought by a bride to her husband on their marriage
Hijab
A head covering worn in public by some Muslim women.
Sufis
Muslim mystics who seek communion with God through meditation, fasting, and other rituals