Science - Biology - Year 9 Test

Melbourne Girls College Year 9 Science Test Revision

MRS GREN

Movement, Respiration, Sensitivity, Growth, Excretion, Nutition

Cell

The basic unit of structure and function in living things.

Tissue

A group of cells that have similar structure and that function together as a unit.

Organ

A collection of tissues that carry out a specialized function of the body.

Organ System

A biological system inside the body consisting of a group of organs that work together to perform one or more functions.

Organism

A collection of organ systems and cells.

Homeostasis

A process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment.

Stimulus

A change in an organism's surroundings that causes the organism to react.

Receptor

Detects the stimulus and sends the sensory message to the control center for processing.

Control Center

Processes the sensory message about the stimulus and decides on the appropriate response.

Effector

Receives a message from the control center and carries out the response.

Responses

The response is how an organism reacts to a stimulus which results in a physiological action or change in behavior.

Negative Feedback Loop

A feedback loop that causes a system to change in the opposite direction from which it is moving.

Positive Feedback Loop

A feedback loop that causes a system to change further in the same direction.

Feedback Loop

Occurs when an output of matter, energy, or information is fed back into the system as an input and leads to changes in that system.

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Made up of the brain and spinal cord.

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

The sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system (CNS) to the rest of the body.

Electrical Impulses

Travel down the neuron sending messages.

Neurotransmitters

They are chemical messengers that cross the synaptic gaps between neurons.

Synapse

A junction where information is transmitted from one neuron to the next.

Reflex Action

An immediate response to a specific stimulus without conscious control.

Stimulus-Response Reaction

A mechanism that requires a receptor to transmit a stimulus to the brain.

Circulatory System

Transports oxygen, waste, nutrients, hormones, heat, etc... around the body.

Heart

A hollow, muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body.

Blood

Connective tissue made of plasma, erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets.

Blood Vessels

Tubelike structures that carry blood throughout the body.

Capillary

A tiny blood vessel where substances are exchanged between the blood and the body cells.

Artery

A blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart

Vein

A blood vessel that carries blood back to the heart.

Vena Cava

One of two large vessels (superior and inferior) that return deoxygenated blood to the right atrium of the heart.

Pulmonary Veins

One of two large vessels (superior and inferior) that return deoxygenated blood to the right atrium of the heart.

Pulmonary Artery

Artery carrying oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs

Aorta

Pumps blood to the body.

White Blood Cell

These cells are part of the immune system, defending the body against infections and foreign invaders. They are produced in the bone marrow.