seminar 1st exam

Nursing Definition American Nurses Association

(ANA)) 1

Protects, promotes, and

advances client’s health

Nursing Definition American Nurses Association

(ANA)) 2

Averts illness and injuries

through health promotion

Nursing Definition American Nurses Association

(ANA)) 3

Uses the nursing process to facilitate client’s

recovery

Nursing Definition American Nurses Association

(ANA)) 4

Minimizes or eliminates client’s suffering

Nursing Definition American Nurses Association

(ANA)) 5

Advocates for the care and health of the client, family, or community

Nursing Workforce Fact Sheet: Nursing is the nation’s

largest healthcare profession

Nursing Workforce Fact Sheet: Median age

50 years

Nursing Workforce Fact Sheet: Becoming more

racially diverse

Nursing Workforce Fact Sheet: Men about

10.5% of workforce

Nursing Workforce Fact Sheet: 72.9% earned a

BSN degree or higher

Nursing Workforce Fact Sheet: Among the highest paying occupations (ave salary

$97,260)

Nursing Workforce Fact Sheet: RN employment is projected to grow

5% from 2024-2034

Nursing Workforce Fact Sheet: Nurses collaborate but does not

“assist” medicine or other fields

What is a profession?

is a specialized occupation that requires advanced education, intellectual training, and a Distinct body of knowledge- grounded in research

• Serves the public

• Code of conduct (ANA Code of Ethics)

• Distinct professional culture

• Internal governance through professional organizations

• Autonomous and accountable

Nursing roles

• Care provider

• Case manager

• Change agent

• Educator

• Advocate

• Researcher

• Teacher

• Leader

Key competencies: Knowledge, attitudes, values, and skills nurses

are expected to know to provide safe care

Key competencies: Advocacy-

Nurse supports, protects, promotes rights, health, and safety of the client

Key competencies: Change management-

champion improvements in client care, processes, teamwork

Key competencies: Communication-

intentional listening, showing compassion, demonstrating respect for individual clients

• Nurse must understand the client’s needs, culture, belief system, and personal health practices

Key competencies: Collaboration-

Working with interprofessional team to provide quality

care

A female patient has a special X-ray procedure of the breasts performed. The X-ray image is called a

mammogram

A patient with epilepsy has had a procedure performed that records brain electrical activity. This procedure is called

electroencephalography

A patient has become sterile due to chronic inflammation of her uterine tubes from frequent infection with sexually transmitted diseases. This tubal inflammation is called

salpingitis

Your mother is having her uterus surgically removed along with her ovaries. Removal of ovaries is called

oophorectomy

Your friend who is a long distance runner is told by his physician that he has an enlarged heart, but that this can be a normal finding in well conditioned athletes. The doctor writes on his chart that your friend has

cardiomegaly

You have taken your friend to the emergency room with severe lower back pain and blood in his urine. After examination and lab tests, the physician reports that your friend has an inflammation of his kidneys and makes a diagnosis of

nephritis

You have just been diagnosed as having an enlarged liver. The doctor describes it as

hepatomegaly

You have been having chronic pains in your upper abdomen, and your family physician refers you to a specialist in diseases of the digestive tract called a

gastroenterologist

A patient has had a diagnosis of colon cancer and will need surgical removal of the colon. She will end up with a permanent hole in her abdomen for drainage into a bag. The permanent opening is called a

colostomy

If I haven't been brushing my teeth often enough, I may end up with bleeding from my gums, a condition called

gingivitis

PREFIX CHANGE: myocarditis

muscle layer of heart inflamed

PREFIX CHANGE: pericarditis

outer layer of heart inflamed

PREFIX CHANGE: endocarditis

inner layer of heart inflamed

SUFFIX CHANGE: cardiologist

a physician specializing in the heart

SUFFIX CHANGE: cardiomyopathy

damage to heart muscle layer

SUFFIX CHANGE:cardiomegaly

enlargement of the heart

SUFFIXES: -itis

inflammation

ex: tonsillitis, appendicitis

SUFFIXES: -osis

abnormal condition

-ex: cyanosis (of blueness, due to cold or low oxygen)

SUFFIXES: -ectomy

= to cut out (remove)

-ex: appendectomy, tonsillectomy (you know these too!)

SUFFIXES: -otomy

= to cut into

-ex: tracheotomy (to cut into the windpipe,
temporary opening)

SUFFIXES: ostomy

= to make a
“mouth”

-ex: colostomy (to make a permanent opening in colon)

SUFFIXES: -scopy/ -scopic

= to look, observe

-ex: colonoscopy (look into colon)

SUFFIXES: -graphy/ -graph

= recording an image

ex: mammography (imaging the breasts)

SUFFIXES: -gram

= the image (X-ray)

-ex: mammogram

SUFFIXES: -ology/ -ologist

= study, specialize in

-ex: cardiologist, nephrologist (study
the heart, the kidneys)

PREFIXES: micro

= small

-ex: microstomia (abnormally small mouth)

PREFIXES: macro

= large

-ex: macrostomia (abnormally large mouth)

PREFIXES: mega/ -megaly

= enlarged

-ex: megacolon (abnormally large colon = large intestine)

PREFIXES: Stomato

mouth

PREFIXES: Dento

teeth

PREFIXES: Glosso/ linguo

tongue

PREFIXES: Gingivo

gums

PREFIXES: Encephalo

brain

PREFIXES: Gastro

stomach

PREFIXES: Entero

intestine

PREFIXES: Colo

large intestine

PREFIXES:Procto

anus/rectum

PREFIXES: Hepato

liver

PREFIXES: Nephro/rene

kidney

PREFIXES:Orchido

testis

PREFIXES: Oophoro

ovary

PREFIXES: Hystero/metro

=uterus

PREFIXES: Salpingo

= uterine tubes

PREFIXES: Dermo

skin

PREFIXES: Masto/mammo

breast

PREFIXES: Osteo

bones

PREFIXES: Cardio

heart

PREFIXES: Cysto

= bladder

PREFIXES: Rhino

= nose

PREFIXES: Phlebo/veno

= veins

PREFIXES: Pneumo/pulmo

= lung

PREFIXES: Hemo/emia

= blood

Nursing shortage: retiring

A large number of nurses BLANK in the next 10 to 15 years

Nursing shortage:chronic illnesses

The increasing number of people who have BLANK (e.g.,

kidney disease, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)

Nursing shortage: Faculty

The limited number of nursing BLANK , (which in turn limits the

number of students who can enroll in nursing programs)

Nursing shortage:age 65

The number of people older than BLANK—this population has

increased approximately 73% since 2011

Nursing shortage: nursing workforce turnover

High rate of BLANK BLANK BLANK due to burnout in the

workplace, which was greatly exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic

Turnover:

Leaving a particular job. (Includes nurses who move to other jobs). After

COVID, nurses changed employers, changed specialties, reduced working hours, or moved away from bedside nursing, not the profession altogether.

Workforce exit:

Leaving nursing entirely.

Burnout:

strongly influenced by the nursing work environment.

Lower rates of burnout in

organizations with better staffing, supportive leadership, meaningful participation in decision-making, manageable workloads, and stronger professional practice.

Predictions for the next 10 years in nursing: AI assistant workflows.

Nurses will spend less time on administrative

burdens and more time interpreting data and coordinating care. Nurses

focused on clinical judgment, patient education, and relationship-

based care

Predictions for the next 10 years in nursing: Decentralize care-

shift away from acute hospital settings toward

community-based, telehealth, and remote patient monitoring.

Preventative and chronic disease management

Predictions for the next 10 years in nursing: Advanced practice roles

will continue to rise

Predictions for the next 10 years in nursing: higher education

Emphasis on

Study of Nursing

Built on a solid foundation of liberal studies and sciences.

∙ Each nursing course builds on prior knowledge.

∙ Nursing is a practice discipline, so you must master the application of

knowledge.

∙ Clinical reasoning, not memorization.

∙ Active, not passive learning

(metacognition)

Metacognitive knowledge:

∙ knowing how your brain works, your strengths and weaknesses and which

strategies are best for a specific task

Metacognitive Regulation: Planning-

setting goals, selecting

appropriate strategies, allocating time

Metacognitive Regulation: Monitoring-

checking your progress

and understanding while completing

the task to see if you need to adjust

your method

Metacognitive Regulation: Evaluating:

Reviewing your performance to see what worked, what didn’t and make changes next

time

Self-regulated Learning (SRL) (Zimmerman)

1. Plan & set goals (Forethought)

2. Use strategies & monitor performance (Performance)

3. Reflect and adapt (Self-reflection)

Metacognitive Techniques

∙ Think-alouds (or talk aloud)

∙ Keep a learning journal

∙ Self-testing

Middle Ages

• Monasteries and convents became centers of care.

• Herbalism, natural remedies, spiritual care

• Treated commoners and nobility

Before modern medicine…

• Americans and Europeans believed in the ancient humoral theory of disease.

Illness based on an imbalance of bodily humors

• Bloodletting

• Purges, vomiting

• Sweating

• Herbal remedies

Reformation to 1800s

Decline of religious nursing with resultant poor hospital conditions.

Belief in humoral theory of disease. “Miasma” – bad air.

Germ theory was discovered by Louis Pasteur and

Robert Koch 1861 but was not accepted everywhere.

Lister (1865) applied Pasteur’s findings to surgery.

Poor sanitation, living conditions, and

environmental factors contributed to disease

Folk medicine, home remedies, community healers

Why Florence Nightingale is the “OG” of Nursing

Founded Modern Nursing: She established the first secular nursing

school in the world, the Nightingale Training School, at St Thomas'

Hospital in London in 1860.

• Revolutionized Healthcare Sanitation: During the Crimean War,

she proved that basic hygiene—like handwashing, fresh air, and

clean water—dramatically reduced patient mortality rates.

• Pioneered Data Visualization: She was a brilliant statistician who

invented the "polar area diagram" (a type of pie chart) to clearly show

Parliament that most soldiers died from preventable hospital

diseases rather than battlefield wounds.

• Set Global Professional Standards: Her 1859 book, Notes on

Nursing, served as the foundational curriculum for generations of

caregivers and remains respected today.

Mary Seacole (1805- 1881)

• Jamaican-British nurse and businesswoman

• Worked as an independent nurse and caregiver during the Crimean War

• Gained experience treating people during cholera and yellow fever epidemics

• Faced racial discrimination but paid for her own trip to the war zone

• Became known for her courage and dedication to helping wounded soldiers

• Traveled near battlefields to care for wounded soldiers, even during dangerous fighting

Mary Eliza Mahoney- (1845- 1926)

First African American licensed nurse.

• Graduated from Boston Training School, Mass General

• 49 students started the program. Only 4 completed the rigorous program!! Mary Eliza Mahoney was one of the 4.

• Co-founded the National Association of Colored Graduate Nurses

(NACGN)

Clara Barton (1821-1912)

• American educator, nurse, and humanitarian

• Known as the “Angel of the Battlefield” for helping wounded soldiers during the Civil War

• Saw that soldiers were dying because of a lack of medical supplies

• Organized donations of bandages, food, and clothing

• Drove supply wagons into dangerous combat areas to deliver supplies

• Founded the American Red Cross

• Opened the Office of Missing Soldiers and helped identify, locate, or confirm the deaths of more than 22,000 missing soldiers

Walt Whitman (yucky)

• Dedicated volunteer battlefield nurse during the Civil war

• Wrote extensively about the emotional and physical reality of caring for dying

soldiers in his poem “The Wound Dresser”.