1.1 - 1.5 Biomolecules (water , carbohydrates , and lipids ) unit 1

alpha glucose

an isomer of glucose which has the OH group on carbon 1 below the plane of the ring

amylopectin

a branched polysachharide made up of alpha glucose monomers joined by alpha 1,6 glycosidic bonds that make up starch along the amylose

amylose

an unbranched polysaccharide made up of alpha glucose monomers joined by alpha 1,4 glycosidic bonds that makes up starch along with amylopectin

beta glucose

an isomer of glucose which has the OH group on carbon 1 above the plane of the ring

condensation reaction

a type of reaction that joins two molecules together with the formation of a chemical bond involving the elimination of a molecule of water

dipole

a molecules which has an unequal distribution diof electrons which causes atoms in the molecule to have partial charges

disaccharide

molecules formed by the condensation of two monosaccharides

fatty acid

a chain of carbon atoms with the end carbon possessing a carboxyl group (COOH)

fructose

monosaccharide combined with glucose froms disaccharide sucrose

galactose

monosaccharide combined with glucose forms disaccharide lactose g

glucose

a monosaccharide C6H12O6

glycerol

a 3 carbon molecule which contains 2 OH groups and is a component of triglycerides

glycogen

a highly branched polysaccharide made of alpha glucose monomers that is used as the main sotrage of energy in humans and animals

glycosidic bond

a bond between two monosaccharides formed in a condensation reaction

hydrolysis

breaking a chemical bond between two molecules involving the use of a water molecule

lactose

disaccharide formed by condensation of a glucose molecule and a galactose molecule

maltose

disaccharide made of two molecules of glucose joined by a glycosidic bond

monosaccharide

the individual sugar monomer from which larger carbohydrates are made

polysaccharide

molecules formed by the condensation of many monosaccharides

saturated fatty acid

a type of fatty acid molecule containing only single bonds between the carbon atoms

saturated lipid

a lipid molecule containing only single bonds between the carbon atoms

solvent

a substance which solutes can dissolve into, to form a solution

starch

a polysaccharide made of alpha glucose monomers that is used as the main sotrage of energy in plants

sucrose

a disaccharide formed by condensation of a glucose molecule and a fructose molecule

triglyceride

a type of lipid formed from a molecule of glycerol joined by 3 ester bonds to three fatty acid molecules

unsaturated fatty acid

a type of fatty acid molecule containing at least one double bond in the carbon chain

unsaturated lipid

a lipid which contains at least one C=C double bond