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origin of muscle
muscle end attached to the bone that does not move when the muscle contracts
insertion of a muscle
muscle end attached to the bone that moves when the muscle contracts
what are two ways muscle action can be described
relative to the bone that moves
as the joint that is involved
prime mover or agonist muscle
The muscle that is chiefly responsible for producing a movement
ex(the biceps brachii is prime mover that flexes elbow)
antagonist muscle
Muscle that opposes a movement by another muscle
ex (the triceps brachii is antagonist to the biceps brachii)
synergist muscle
Muscle that helps the prime mover work efficiently
(the brachialis assists the biceps brachii in flexion of the elbow
fixator muscle
synergists that stabilize the origin of a prime mover by preventing movement at another joint
ex(the rhomboid muscles are fixators during flexion of the elbow in that they stabilize one of the origins of the biceps brachii)
What are the muscles of the head and neck responsible for
facial expressions, swallowing and chewing
what do Muscles of the spine include
flexors and extensors of head, neck, and spinal column
What do Muscles of the trunk form
the muscular walls of thoracic/ abodminopelvic cavities
what do Muscles of the pelvic floor form
muscular perineum that closes the pelvic outlet
Where do Muscles of the face originate
on surface of skull
Where do Muscles of the face insert into
dermis of the skin
the contraction of Muscles of the face causes
movement of the skin
Orbicularis oris action
constricts the opening of the mouth
buccinator action
Compresses cheek when blowing (Sucking, whistling)
temporalis and pterygoid action
assist the masseter in chewing by elevating mandible
the scalp contains a two-part muscle, the _______________
occipitofrontalis
first part of occipitofrontalis
frontalis muscle(anterior)
what does the frontalis muscle fo
raises eyebrow; wrinkles forehead
second part of part of occipitofrontalis
occipitalis muscle (posterior)
what does occipitalis muscle do
tenses and retracts scalp ;pulls scalp posteriorly
what are the two muscles of part of occipitofrontalis connected by
epicranial aponeurosis(fibrous sheet that connects dif skeletal muscles)
the ventral neck is covered by what skeletal muscle
platysma
The platysma extends from base of __________to the ________-
neck; mandible
What does the platysma do?
tenses skin of neck, depresses mandible
What do muscles of the neck do
Control position of the larynx
Depress the mandible
Tense the floor of the mouth
Provide stable foundation for muscles of the tongue and pharynx
Like PLATYSMA, what does the digastric muscle do
depresses the mandible
What does the omohyoid do?
depresses hyoid bone/ larynx
What does the mylohyoid do?
Elevates hyoid, floor of mouth
What does the stylohyoid do?
elevates larynx
What does the sternocleidomastoid do?
flexes neck; rotates head
What two muscles of the spine work together to either extend the head or tilt the head
Splenius capitis and semispinalis capitis
What muscle of the spine Maintains an erect spinal column and head
Erector spinae, or spinal extensors
Erector spinae, or spinal extensors include what three muscles?
Iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis
When all three muscles of the Erector spinae contract on both sides, what happens
they erect the spinal column
When all three muscles of the Erector spinae contract on only ONE side, what happens
they cause the spinal column to bend laterally
What muscles of the spine Flex the spinal column and depress the ribs
Quadratus lumborum
what do external and internal intercostals do
•Externals elevate ribs(inhale) and internals depress ribs
what do these following muscles do: External and internal obliques, and the transversus abdominis
Compress abdomen, can flex spine
what can external and internal obliques ALSO do?
flex vertebral column; depress ribs
What does the rectus abdominis (ABS) do?
depresses ribs, ,flexes spine
the diaphragm is a dome shaped muscle which seperates what two cavities
thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
the diaphragm plays an important role in
breathing
When we inhale the diaphragm..............causing the thoracic cavity to ___________and the abdominopelvic cavity to ______________
moves down and contracts and becomes flat; expand; compress
why does the thoracic cavity expand
bc it fills with air
During exhalation the diaphragm
relaxes and moves up and becomes dome shaped
What is the perineum?
Pelvic cavity floor
external anal sphincter muscle (of pelvic floor)
closes anal opening
exxternal urethral sphincter (of pelvic floor)
Closes urethra
Muscles that position the pectoral girdle
trapezius, rhomboids, levator scapulae, serratus anterior, Pectoralis minor and subclavius
The trapezius is a _________-shaped muscle that has many actions depending on the _____
diamond; region
The trapezius covers the __________and ___________
rhomboid and levator scapulae
the rhomboid muscle ___________and ____________-the scapula LATERALLY
ADDucts(toward spine) and rotates
the Levator scapulae ____________the scapula
ELEVATES(shrugging ur shoulders)
the Serratus anterior ______________and ________________ scapula anteriorly
Abducts and rotates
•Pectoralis minor and subclavius ____________and ______________the scapula
Depress and abduct
Muscles that move the arm
Deltoid
Supraspinatus
Pectoralis major
Subscapularis and Teres Major
Infraspinatus and Teres Minor
Latissimus dorsi
what is the major abductor of the arm
deltoid
What muscle assists at the beginning of movement
Supraspinatus
What muscle Flexes the arm at the shoulder
Pectoralis major
What four muscles rotate the arm
Subscapularis, teres major, infraspinatus, and teres minor
What muscle Extends the arm at the shoulder
latissimus dorsi
latissimus dorsi works with the ____________to produce rotation and adduction of the humerus
pectoralis major
The tendons of what four muscles form the rotator cuff?
Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres minor Subscapularis
(SITS)
the rotator cuff is a common site of sports injuries such as a
muscle strain(tear or break in muscle) and bursitis(inflammation of bursae)
What are the muscles that move the forearm and wrist
Biceps brachii
Triceps brachii
Brachialis and brachioradialis
Flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor carpi radialis, and palmaris longus
Extensor carpi radialis and extensor carpi ulnaris
Pronators and the supinator
What muscle Flexes the elbow and supinates forearm
biceps brachii
What muscle Extends elbow
triceps brachii
Brachialis and brachioradialis are siimilar to biceps brachii because they
FLEX the elbow
WHat muscles flex the wrist
Flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor carpi radialis, and palmaris longus
What muscles Extend wrist
Extensor carpi radialis and extensor carpi ulnaris
What muscles rotate radius
Pronators and the supinator
What are the muscles that That Move the Hand and Fingers
Extensor digitorum and flexor digitorum
Abductor pollicis and extensor pollicis
what muscles Extend and flex fingers respectively
Extensor digitorum and flexor digitorum
What muscles Abducts and extends thumb respectively
Abductor pollicis and extensor pollicis
Only _____________Cross the wrist
tendons
which connective tissue holds tendons of wrist in place
retinacula
Inflammation of reinacula cause
carpal tunnel syndrome
What is carpal tunnel syndrome?
weakness in hand muscles which results from repetitive hand / wrist movement
What are the gluteal muscles?
gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor fasciae latae
The gluteal muscles cover the _____Surfaces of iliac bones
lateral
what is the largest and most posterior muscle of the gluteal muscles
gluteus maximus
gluteal muscles produce what type of movement
extension, rotation, and abduction at hip joint
What are the adductors of the hip?
pectineus, adductor brevis, adductor longus, adductor magnus, gracilis
what is the largest hip FLEXOR
iliopsoas
the iliopsoas is composed of what two muscles
psoas major and the iliacus
muscles that move the leg include
flexors and extensors
flexors of knee are found on what surface
posterior and medial
flexors of knee
Biceps femoris Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Sartorius Popliteus
among the flexors of the knee which THREE are known as the hamstrings
Biceps femoris, semimembranosus, and semitendinosus
What does the hamstring do?
flex knee
what does the sartorius muscle do?
crosses hip and knee joints and produces lateral rotation at the hip
What does the popliteus do?
unlocks knee joint
extensors of the knee are found on what surface
anterior and lateral
The extensors are collectively known as the
quadriceps femoris
the extensors of the knee (quadriceps muscles) include
rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius
The patella forms within what tendon?
tendon of the quadriceps femoris
what muscles move the foot
gastrocnemius, soleus, fibularis, tibialis
what muscles extend the ankle
gastrocnemius, fibularis longus, soleus, fibularis brevis, tibialis posterior, plantaris
Note 
Flashcard (108)