Anthony Uzwiak Anatomy Semester 2 Lab Quiz 1

What cells do thyroid glands contain

follicular cells

follicular cells make

thyroglobulin

the lumen of the thyroid gland contains

colloid

What cells do colloid make

C cells

C cells make

calcitonin

what cells do the parathyroid gland contain

chief cells

chief cells make

parathyroid hormones

The parathyroid gland secretes what hormone?

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

PTH (parathyroid hormone)

increases blood calcium

The thyroid gland releases what hormone

calcitonin

adrenal gland function

produce hormones that help the body control blood sugar, burn protein and fat, react to stressors like a major illness or injury, and regulate blood pressure.

what are the layers of the adrenal cortex

1. zona glomerulosa

2. zona fasciculata

3. zona reticularis

The zona glomerulosa releases

aldosterone

The zona reticularis releases

androgen hormones

Zona fasculata secretes

cortisol

How is the zona fasciculata arranged?

the cells run parallel to eachother

the adrenal medulla contains what cells

chromatin cells

chromatin cells release

Norepinephrine

adrenal medulla function

secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine

what hormones do the posterior pituitary gland release

oxytocin and ADH

what glial cells do the posterior pituitary gland contain

pituicytes

what glial cells do the anterior pituitary gland contain

basophils and acidophils

what hormones do basophils secrete

(ACTT), (TSH), (FSH), (LH)

what hormones do acidophils secrete

GH and prolactin(PRL)

What cells do the pancreas contain

exocrine cells

what do the pancreatic islets contain

endocrine cells

What endocrine cells do the pancreatic islets contain

Alpha cells and Beta Cells

What do alpha cells create

glucagon

what do beta cells create

insulin

What is located between the tubes of the testis

Interstitial cells

What do interstitial cells produce?

testosterone

What is located in the ovary that creates estrogen and progesterone

corpus luteum

Motor neurons can be found

In the ventral horn

Interneurons can be found in

the ventral horn and dorsal horn

Sensory neurons can be found in

dorsal root ganglion and dorsal horn

Autonomic neurons can be found in

The lateral horn- sympathetic neurons in thoracic and upper lumbar regions. Parasympathetic neurons are found in the lateral horn of the sacral region

what ear ossicle is closest to the tympanic membrane

Malleus

what are the basal hair cells in contact with

the basilar membrane

what tissue can be found in the middle ear?

epithelial tissue

what is the order of the 3 ossicles and what they articulate?

Oval Window>Stapes>Incus>Malleus>Tympanic Membrane

Tragus function

deflects sound into the ear

tensor tympani

muscle of the middle ear

What are the 3 canals of the vestibular apparatus

Horizontal(Lateral) Canal, Superior(Anterior) Canal, Posterior plane

What are the steps of sound entering the ear

Outer Ear (Pinna) → 2. Ear Canal → 3. Tympanic Membrane (Eardrum) → 4. Ossicles (Malleus → Incus → Stapes) → 5. Oval Window → 6. Cochlea (Inner Ear) → 7. Auditory Nerve → 8. Brain.

Thin skin

Lacks corpuscles, thinner epidermis

Thick skin

contains alot of corpuscles, thicker epidermis,

tympanic membrane

acts as a boundary between inner ear and outer ear

Where is the lamellated corpuscle located

Between the dermis and hypodermis

Where does the cornea transition into the sclera in the eye, and what is the name of this junction?

The Limbus

What is the function of the ciliary body in the vascular layer, and how is it connected to the lens?

The ciliary body controls the shape of the lens for focusing. It is connected to the lens by the zonule fibers.

Where us the iris located

Posterior to the cornea and anterior to the lens

The retina receives nutrients from the choroid. What is the anatomical region where the retina attaches to the choroid?

The retina is attached to the choroid in the posterior part of the eye, and at the ora serrata, it transitions into the ciliary body.

What layer of the eye contains the photoreceptors that convert light into neural signals, and where is this layer located relative to the lens and ciliary body?

The retina contains the photoreceptors (rods and cones). It is located behind the lens and the ciliary body.

What are the steps of sound entering the ear

Pinna → Ear Canal → Eardrum → Ossicles → Oval Window → Cochlea → Auditory Nerve → Brain.

what is between the sclera and the iris

an interior chamber filled with aqueous fluid

What is the region on the retina specialized for central vision

The macula

What surrounds the inner and middle ear located inside the temporal bone

Petrous region

The temporal bone has an openining on the lateral side called the

external auditory meatus