Study guide US history, Gilded Age, Progressives, Imperialism

Gilded Age

Era from the 1870s to 1900s, marked by rapid industrialization and economic growth but also corruption and social inequality.

Rapid Industrialization

Characterized by abundant natural resources, technological advancements, a growing workforce, and expansion of railroads.

Bessemer Process

A method for producing steel efficiently, significantly contributing to the steel production during the Industrial Revolution.

Laissez-faire policies

Economic philosophy of minimal government intervention in business, encouraging growth but often leading to monopolies.

Social Darwinism

Application of Darwin's theory of evolution to society; justified the success of big businesses as 'survival of the fittest'.

Gospel of Wealth

Philosophy promoted by Andrew Carnegie that the wealthy had a duty to use their riches to benefit society.

Labor Unions

Organizations formed by workers to demand better wages, hours, and working conditions.

Collective Bargaining

Negotiation process between workers and employers aimed at reaching agreements on working conditions.

Push Factors

Reasons driving people to leave their home country, such as poverty, war, and persecution.

Nativist

A person who opposes immigration and favors the interests of native-born citizens.

The Great Migration

The movement of African Americans from the South to Northern cities seeking better job opportunities.

Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire

A deadly factory fire in 1911 that led to new workplace safety laws.

Square Deal

President Theodore Roosevelt's domestic program focused on conservation, consumer protection, and controlling corporations.

Yellow Journalism

Sensationalized and exaggerated news reporting aimed at provoking public emotions and influencing events.

Spanish-American War

Conflict in 1898 stemming from Cuba's independence movement, resulting in U.S. victory and territorial gains.