ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LAB

Lab safety rules, proper waste disposal, safety precautions and first aid, common laboratory apparatus, Exp 1, 2

Open gas burners

Open gas burners

These must be kept away from volatile and flammable solvents

Solvents

Spilling these to heating mantles, hot plates, or stoves must be avoided.

Solid waste

This type of hazardous waste in large amount must be labeled and returned to the technician for proper disposal.

Water-insoluble

This type of solid waste must not be disposed in the sink.

Solvent waste

This type of waste in large amount must be stored in separate labeled containers.

Distillation

This is a way of recovering solvent waste, aside from vacuum evaporation

Vacuum evaporation

This is another way of recovering solvent waste, aside from distillation

Know the location

It is important to know the ___ of the nearest extinguisher, blanket, shower, and first aid kit in the laboratory.

Give help

It is important to be prepared to ___ to others in case of accidents

Carbon dioxide extinguisher

If reagents caught on fire, this type of fire extinguisher must be used.

Water

It is important to not use this to stop the fire in cases of burning reagents or clothing.

Carbon tetrachloride

It is important to not use this to stop the fire in cases of burning clothing.

Towel

This is used to beat out small fire.

Blanket

If clothes caught on fire, this must be wrapped to the host, aside from laboratory coat.

Small burns

For this kind of burn, it is important to not use water but immediately apply an ointment or 5% tannic acid solution.

Ointments

A few examples of these are Butescin picrate, and unguentine borated petroleum jelly

Tannic acid

When used, it forms a dark, protective crust within 24 hours, which begins to peel off when new skin forms.

Severe burns

If this occurred, it is important to summon medical aid and while waiting, try to offset shock by keeping the patient warm and quiet, and giving water to drink.

Expose

It is important to do this to the severely burned area.

Cut away

It is important to do this to burned clothing to prevent more injuries.

Chemicals

Immediate application of an appropriate washing agent may prevent an otherwise severe injury from these

Acid

If the skin came in contact with this, it is important to wash at once with a large volume of water, for at least 15 minutes.

Alkali

If the skin came in contact with these, Wash thoroughly with water for 15 minutes.

Glycerol

If the skin came in contact with bromine, it is important to cover it liberally with this and rub it on the skin to reach the affected pores.

Eye wash

If the eye came in contact with reagents, it is important to wash it at once with water and ask for this.

Ethanol

For cuts, it is important to disinfect it with ethanol and apply a bandage.

Beaker

Laboratory apparatus that are useful a s reaction containers or to hold liquid or solid samples.

Burette

Laboratory apparatus that is used for the addition of a precise volume of liquid with an estimated smallest measurement of 0.01mL with practice.

Erlenmeyer flask

Laboratory apparatus that is useful to contain reactions, hold liquid samples, and catch filtrates.

Glass Funnel

Laboratory apparatus that is used for funneling liquids from one container to another or for filtering when equipped with filter paper.

Graduated cylinder

Laboratory apparatus that is used for the measurement of liquids that can be estimated to the nearest 0.1 mL with practice.

Hot plate

Laboratory apparatus that can be used as a source of heat when open flame is not desirable

Pipette

Laboratory apparatus that is used to dispense small quantities of liquids.

Ring stand with rings

Laboratory apparatus that is used for holding pieces of glasswares in place

Test tube

Laboratory apparatus that is used for holding or containing small samples.

Test tube holder

Laboratory apparatus that is used for holding test tubes when tubes should not be touched.

Volumetric flask

Laboratory apparatus that are used to measure precise volume of liquid or to make precise dilutions

Watch glass

Laboratory apparatus that is used for holding small samples or for covering beakers or evaporating dishes.

Wire gauze

Laboratory apparatus that supports beakers to be heated by bunsen burners.

Evaporating dish

Laboratory apparatus that is used to separate liquids and solids from a solution by allowing the water to evaporate off into the air.

Ethyl alcohol

The substance that is flammable as determined by the ignition test.

Water

The substance that is non-flammable as determined by the ignition test.

Charring

An irreversible chemical process of incomplete combustion of certain solids when subjected to high heat.

Char

A carbonaceous material obtained when organic combustion are subjected to heat.

Sucrose

A substance that dissolves and changes its color to black upon contact with heat as determined by the charring test.

Salt

A substance that does not dissolve and changes its color to brown when in contact with heat as determined by the charring test.

Calcium Carbonate

A substance that does not change its color or form when in contact with heat as determined by the charring test.

Insoluble

The property that naphthalene has when in contact with water as determined by the solubility test

Soluble

The property that urea and sodium nitrate have in common when in contact with water as determined by the solubility test

Soluble

The property that naphthalene has when in contact with petroleum ether as determined by the solubility test

Petroleum ether

Urea and sodium nitrate are insoluble in this reagent as determined by the solubility test

Polar

What kind of substance are Sodium nitrate, urea, and water as revealed by the solubility test

Non-polar

What kind of substance are naphthalene and petroleum ether as revealed by the solubility test?

Lime water

Another term for calcium hydroxide

Orange

The color of the flame made by the ignition of ethyl alcohol

Hydrogen

Aside from oxygen, this is is also an element which is removed in a solid as it is subjected to heat.

Carbon

The primary component of char.

Urea

The compound which is used in the soda-lime test for amide nitrogen

Blue

The final color of the litmus paper as determined by the soda-lime test for amide nitrogen

Ammonia

The nitrogenous compound that becomes liberated when an organic compound is heated with soda lime

Base

Is ammonia acid or base?

Beilstein test

A halogen test that uses chloroform and copper wire.

Green

The color of the flame when a copper wire dipped into an organic compound is burned.

Cupric halide

This is what is formed when the copper oxide from the heating of copper wire reacts with the halogen from the organic compound

Silver nitrate test

The name of the test that involves the use of monochloroacetric acid, nitric acid, and silver nitrate to confirm the presence of a halogen

Precipitate

This is a substance that ranges from colors white to yellow that confirms the presence of a halogen in the silver nitrate test

Ferrox test

This is the name of the test that involves the use of butanol. hexane, naphthalene, and benzoic acid to confirm the presence of oxygen

Ferrous ammonium sulfate

What is the chemical name of Fe(NH4)(SO4)2?

KSCN

What is the molecular formula of potassium thiocyanate?

Dissolves

This is what happens when the compound in the ferrox test has oxygen, before producing a dark red solution

Ferrox paper

This is prepared by soaking a filter paper in methanol with equal parts of ferric chloride and ammonium thiocyanate \n

Albumin

This is a compound that is used for the lead acetate test

Sulfur

What presence is being tested when the lead acetate test is performed?

Sodium hydroxide

The chemical name of NaOH

Cysteine

The amino acid in albumin that reacts to lead ions when heated, forming black precipitate.

Organic compounds

These are compounds that are combustible with most inorganic compounds

Low

The general melting point for organic compounds.

Covalent bond

The type of bond that is responsible for organic compounds being easily decomposed.

Non-electrolytes

This is the property that makes organic compounds unable to produce electric current

Insoluble

The property that makes organic compounds unable to react with polar solvents

Slow

The reaction duration of organic compounds, as compared to inorganic

Isomerism

The phenomenon in which organic compounds have the same chemical formula but different chemical structures.

Catalyst

A material that is used to improve the rate of chemical reactions

Flash point

The minimum temperature at which liquid gives off enough vapor to form an ignitable mixture

Hazard

The lower the flash point, the higher the ____

below 100

The flash points of flammable liquid in fahrenheit

Vapor pressure

the pressure exerted by gas molecules in equilibrium with the liquid phase

kinetic energy

As the temperature is increased, the _____ of the molecules increases,

760

The vapor pressure in mmHg that determines the normal boiling point temperature of a liquid

vapor pressure

The stronger the intermolecular forces. The lower the ___ at a given temperature.

Ethanol

Clear, colorless liquid with a characteristic pleasant odor and burning taste

Dihydrogen monoxide

The other term for water

Combustion

A chemical reaction that releases energy by the oxidation of a fuel.

Sucrose

A naturally occurring sugar found in various amounts in plants like fruits, vegetables, and nuts.

solubility

the amount of solute that dissolves in a given amount of solvent, usually reported in g/100 mL

Unsaturated

A solution that has less than the maximum number of grams of solute

Saturated

A solution that has the maximum number of grams of solute that can dissolve

Nonpolar

The property of a covalent bond when two atoms of identical or similar electronegativity are joined together.

Polar

The property of a covalent bond when atoms of different electronegativity are joined together

Naphthalene

White, volatile, solid polycyclic hydrocarbon with a strong mothball odor