Cell Test Review

Active Transport

moves molecules from a high to a low concentration (requires ATP)

Cell Membrane

 Creates a barrier between the cell and its outside (found in plant and animal cells)

Chloroplast

absorb energy from the sun.  (only found in plant cells)

Diffusion

The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.  The direction of diffusion is called the concentration gradient. This is a form of passive transport. Only small molecules can diffuse.

Mitochondria

Mitochondria gives cell energy.  Uses a type of sugar and oxygen to create energy. (found in plant and animal cells)

Nucleus

Controls the cell’s activity (found in plant and animal cells)

Osmosis

the diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane; water moves from high to low solute concentration (passive transport).

Passive Transport

moves molecules from a high to a low concentration (does not require ATP)

Ribosomes

build proteins with instructions from the nucleus (found in plant and animal cells)

Vacuoles

 things that hold materials in the cell (found in plant and animal cells)

Hydrophobic

tails point to the inside of the  membrane

Hydrophilic

heads point to the outside of the membrane

Lysosomes

digest materials that the cell doesn't need (only found in plant cells)

Facilitated Diffusion

A type of passive transport (no energy) that uses membrane proteins to move large or charged (ions) molecules down their concentration gradient (from high to low).

ATP

energy

What do microscopes help us see?

The shape of a cell and its organelles.

What are the 3 parts of the cell theory

1- All living things are made up of more than one cell. 2- All cells are made up of a pre-existing cell. 3- Cells are the basic units of life.

What are the characteristics of prokaryotic cells?

These are organisms that consist of a single cell that has no nucleus

How can you tell a cell is eukaryotic?

These are organisms that can be unicellular or multicellular, and all their cells have a nucleus

What organelles do all cells have in common?

 A cell membrane, cytoplasm, and ribosomes

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Creates a barrier between the cell and its outside (found in plant and animal cells)

What will happen to a cell submerged in water?

The water molecules will pass through the cell membrane from an area of low solute concentration to a high solute concentration.

What will happen to a cell submerged in salt solution?

Water molecules will move out of the cell.

What is the function of lysosomes?

digest materials that the cell doesn't need (only found in plant cells)

Function of the Endoplasmic Reticulum?

 To produce proteins for the rest of the cell to function.

How to identify cell organelles in drawings.

An organelle is like a membrane-bound structure found within a cell.

How to use a microscope properly to find specimens

Place your sample on the stage and make sure the light is on. Look through the eyepieces and move the focus knob until the image comes into focus. Adjust the distance between the eyepieces until you can see the sample clearly with both eyes simultaneously.

How did the elodea cell change after salt solution was added?

The water molecules left the cells, causing them to shrink.

How microscope magnification works

(different objectives effect on field of view) as magnification increases, the field of view decreases.

What do the different membrane proteins do?

Responsible for membrane functions.

 How to identify passive and active transport in pictures

You will see energy passing through passive transport and none through active transport.