The Evolution of the Law of Criminal Evidence

Key vocabulary terms related to the evolution of criminal evidence law, covering essential amendments, legal doctrines, and principles.

Mala in Se

Criminal acts that are considered to be inherently wrong.

Mala Prohibita

Behaviors that are not inherently immoral but whose wrongness lies in their legal prohibition.

Due Process

The legal requirement that the state must respect all legal rights owed to a person.

Presumption of Innocence

The principle that one is considered innocent until proven guilty.

Beyond a Reasonable Doubt

The standard of proof required in criminal cases, meaning that no reasonable doubt should exist about the defendant's guilt.

Judicial Review

The power of courts to assess whether a law is in compliance with the constitution.

Habeas Corpus

The legal principle that allows a person to report an unlawful detention or imprisonment to a court.

Stare Decisis

The doctrine that obligates courts to follow historical cases when making a ruling on a similar case.

Burden of Proof

The obligation to prove one's assertion in a legal case.

Exclusionary Rule

A law that prohibits the use of illegally obtained evidence in a criminal trial.

Fifth Amendment

Protects against double jeopardy, self-incrimination, and ensures due process.

Sixth Amendment

Ensures the right to a speedy trial, impartial jury, and legal counsel.

Seventh Amendment

Guarantees the right to a jury trial in civil cases where the value in controversy exceeds twenty dollars.

Eighth Amendment

Prohibits excessive bail, excessive fines, and cruel and unusual punishments.

Ninth Amendment

Recognizes that individuals hold rights beyond those specifically mentioned in the Constitution.

Tenth Amendment

Reserves powers not delegated to the federal government to the states or the people.

Federal Rules of Evidence

A codification of evidentiary rules applicable in federal courts to ensure uniformity.

Uniform Rules of Evidence

A set of rules established to standardize the admission and regulation of evidence across jurisdictions.

Probable Cause

A legal standard requiring more than mere suspicion to justify an arrest or search.

Jury Trial

A legal proceeding in which a jury makes a decision or findings of fact.