Crime and Deviance 4

What political ideology is left realism?

Liberal

What political ideology is right realism?

Conservative

What does left realism focus on?

Inequality

What does right realism focus on?

Individual

How do left realists believe we can combat crime?

Dealing with inequalities

How do right realists believe we can combat crime?

Harsher punishments

What are the 3 main factors responsible for crime according to right realists?

• Biosocial factors

• Inadequate socialisation

• Rational choice

Who came up with biosocial factors idea?

Wilson and Hernstein

Who came up with inadequate socialisation theory?

Murray

Who came up with rational choice theory?

Clarke

What are biosocial factors

Biological differences increase the likelihood of some committing crime more than others

What is a criticism of biosocial factors?

Lilly states that IQ differences account for less than 3% difference in offending

What is the inadequate socialisation theory?

Welfare state creates dependency, encouraging single parenting, which leads to fatherless families

What is a criticism of inadequate socialisation?

Rotherham by Charlesworth

What is rational choice theory?

If the rewards are greater than the risks then people choose commit crime

What is a criticism of rational choice theory?

Ciimes of passion are not rational

What

Whta is situational crime

What is target hardening?

Increasing effort it takes to commit a crime

Who came up with broken window theory?

WilsonW

What is

What is the issue with zero tolerance policing?

Police can focus on punishing ethnic minorities

Who approved the 3 strikes rule?

Van Den Haag

What concepts did Lea and Young look a?

• Relative deprivation

What is relative deprivation?

How deprived someone feels in relation to their expectations

WHat is a buli

What theory links to relative deprivation?

Strain

What is marginalisation?

Where people lack clear goals and organisations to represent their interests

What theory links to marginalisation?

Status frustration

What do Lea and Young mean when exploring subculture?

Response to relative deprivation but they aren’t completely separate from society as they share traits with others

What theory links to subculture?

Illegitimate opportunity structure

What is the square of crime?

Different elements that helps understand crime

Who came up with the square of crime?

Matthews

What are the different elements in the square of crime?

• State

• Community

• Offender

• Victim